LE 2 CONCEPTS (M6)

Question 1

American uses __________ of water per day. While, Filipinos use ___________ of water per day

Answer 1

300 L; 80 to 120 L

Question 2

presence of elevated concentrations of substances in water, sediment or organisms, not necessarily means pollution unless, standard limits are exceeded

Answer 2

Water contamination

Question 3

• Occurs when a body of water is adversely affected due to the addition of large amounts of materials to the water.
• When the water body is unfit for its intended use

Answer 3

Water Pollution

Question 4

Pollution sources that could be directly pointed out or identified

Answer 4

Point Sources

Question 5

delivers pollutants indirectly by passing through the continents (land surface) to the nearest water body à multiple discharge points

Answer 5

Non-point Sources

Question 6

Any materials that can be oxidized in the receiving water with the consumption of molecular oxygen

Answer 6

Oxygen Demanding Materials

Question 7

most important parameter for rivers, in
order for aquatic organisms to survive

Answer 7

Dissolved Oxygen (DO)

Question 8

• Affects fishes that live only in cool water
• Increase the rate of oxygen depletion à higher temp leads to faster metabolism for organisms and decrease in oxygen dissolution (reaeration)

Answer 8

Heat (Temperature)

Question 9

allowable change in temp.

Answer 9

3 degree Celcius

Question 10

Are considered pollutants when present in large amounts

Answer 10

Nutrients

Question 11

a rapid increase in the population of algae in an aquatic system

Answer 11

Algal Bloom

Question 12

Contaminates shallow groundwater (100 feet or less) and usually comes from fertilizers.

Answer 12

Nitrates

Question 13

Gets in water from industrial processes and mining

Answer 13

Sulfate

Question 14

• Causes problems because it separates out of the water and forms particulates (sediment)
• it tastes bad if it gets in our drinking water and can coat fish’s gills.

Answer 14

Iron

Question 15

disease-causing organisms

Answer 15

Pathogens

Question 16

General group of bacteria from animal wastes. It uses up available oxygen. Also causes E. coli disease.

Answer 16

Coliform Bacteria

Question 17

• Organic and inorganic particles that are carried by the wastewater into a
  receiving water
• reduce clarity of water, also usefulness and value of the water (lower economic
  value since perceived as dirty water)

Answer 17

Suspended Solids

Question 18

can be consumed w/o concern for adverse health

Answer 18

Potable Water

Question 19

pleasant to drink but not necessarily safe

Answer 19

Palatable Water

Question 20

• Measured in Pt-Co (Platinum-Cobalt) units or True color units (Tcu)
• Can also be measured in absorbance at specific wavelength (nm), using a colorimeter or spectrophotometer

Answer 20

Color

Question 21

• For monitoring and aesthetic purpose
• Subjective measurement

Answer 21

Taste and Odor

Question 22

Caused by suspended solids in
the water, which scatter light

Answer 22

Turbidity

Question 23

• Should be measured in situ
• For compliance monitoring and control

Answer 23

Temperature

Question 24

A measure of ability to carry an electrical current, which is actually carried by ions

Answer 24

Conductivity

Question 25

Represents the total amount of inorganic and organic substance in the water (mg/L)

Answer 25

Total Dissolved Solids

Question 26

* The amount of oxygen gas dissolved in a given volume of water at a particular temperature and pressure (mg/L) * The most important parameter for rivers

Answer 26

Dissolved Oxygen Content or DO

Question 27

respiration of organisms, benthic demand, organics oxidation (major)

Answer 27

Common Sinks

Question 28

photosynthesis, reaeration (major)

Answer 28

Common Sources

Question 29

Amount of oxygen required by microorganisms to decompose the organic matter in a sample of water

Answer 29

Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)

Question 30

Amount of oxygen needed to chemically oxidize organic compounds present in wastewater

Answer 30

Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)

Question 31

Determined by oxidation at high temperature and use of a suitable catalyst

Answer 31

Total Oxygen Demand

Question 32

* Presence of multi-valent cations * Expressed usually in mg/L as CaCO3 * Makes water not lather well

Answer 32

Hardness

Question 33

Substances that oxidize in the receiving body of water with the consumption of dissolved oxygen

Answer 33

Oxygen-Demanding Wastes

Question 34

quantifies the theoretical required amount of oxygen to oxidize a substance to carbon dioxide

Answer 34

Theoretical Oxygen Demand (ThOD)

Question 35

The amount of oxygen to completely decompose or stabilize all the biodegradable organics in a given volume of water

Answer 35

Ultimate BOD

Question 36

The reaction rate (k) is dependent on the following:

Answer 36

1. Nature of the waste 2. Ability of the organisms in the system to use the waste 3. Temperature

Question 37

TRUE OR FALSE * Not all water depths reach 100% saturation * DO can remain below 100% due to the respiration of aquatic organisms and microbial decomposition

Answer 37

TRUE

Question 38

the imaginary water boundary water temperature begins to decline

Answer 38

Thermocline

Question 39

Aims to protect the country’s water bodies from pollution from land-based sources

Answer 39

Philippine Clean Water Act (RA 9275) (2004)

Question 40

* It repealed the DAO 1990-34 and modified the DAO 1990-35, both of which were the standards followed for the classification of water bodies, and effluent standard quality, respectively. * Water quality parameters to be monitored are set per industry.

Answer 40

Water Quality Guidelines and General Effluent Standards of 2016 or DAO 2016-08

Question 41

Water Body Classification and Usage of Freshwater

Answer 41

- Class AA: watersheds - Class A: sources of water supply - Class B: recreation - Class C: fishery water - Class D: navigable waters