Leadership Flashcards
(28 cards)
What does the dispositional perspective suggest about leadership?
It suggests that leadership ability stems from stable traits or personal characteristics.
What did Mann (1959) and Stogdill (1974) find about intelligence and leadership?
They found a small but significant relationship between intelligence and leadership ability.
What have studies found about personality traits and leadership?
Weak correlations; personality traits alone are not strong predictors of leadership.
📌 Hogan, Curphy & Hogan (1994); Judge, Bono, Ilies & Gerhardt (2002)
How do situational perspectives explain leadership emergence?
Strong leaders often emerge in crisis or are shaped by specific social settings.
What study demonstrated leadership emerging in a non-crisis setting?
Strodtbeck & Hook (1961) – Jury deliberations showed leadership arising from group dynamics.
What are the three leadership styles identified by Lewin et al. (1939)?
Authoritarian, Democratic, and Laissez-faire.
How does authoritarian leadership function?
Leader controls decisions and policy unilaterally.
How does democratic leadership function?
Leader encourages group participation in decision-making.
What are the consequences of leadership style?
Style affects group aggression, leader likeability, atmosphere, and productivity.
What is the difference between task and relations orientation in leadership?
Task-oriented leaders focus on productivity; relations-oriented leaders focus on group well-being.
Which researchers supported this distinction?
Lippit & White (1943), Bales (1950), Stogdill (1974)
What is Fiedler’s Contingency Theory?
Leadership effectiveness depends on the match between leader style and situational control.
What are Fiedler’s two leadership styles?
Task-oriented and relations-oriented.
What are the three elements of situational control?
Leader-member relations, task structure, and position power.
What did Schriesheim et al. (1994) find about the contingency model?
Group performance varies depending on the fit between leader style and situational control.
What did Chemers et al. (1985) find in their field study on leadership
Leaders mismatched to the situation experienced more stress and illness.
What are two main limitations of the contingency model?
It assumes binary leadership styles and does not account for those scoring moderately on LPC.
What is the core idea of LMX theory?
Leadership is based on individualized relationships between the leader and each follower.
What are in-group and out-group relationships in LMX?
In-group: trusted, loyal, supported; Out-group: formal, distant, transactional.
Who reviewed the LMX literature extensively?
Liden, Sparrowe & Wayne (1997)
What are some limitations of LMX theory?
Focuses on dyads, not on leadership as a group process.
Who developed social identity theory?
Tajfel & Turner (1979)
What does social identity theory say about leadership?
: Leadership depends on how prototypical the leader is of the group’s identity.
What is a prototype in this context?
: A mental representation of the most typical group member.
