Leadership

Question 1

Define leadership

Answer 1

Process of influencing individuals + groups towards set goals. - Baron 1977

Question 2

6 Leadership qualities

Answer 2

Self-control

Flexible but organised

Persevere

Develop trust in others

Communicators

Decision maker

Question 3

Why is leadership important for managers?

Answer 3

LT goals

Provide overall strategies

Make decisions i.e about players + finance

Question 4

Why is leadership important for coach?

Answer 4

provides strategy for play

Controlling training sessions

Target setting for team

Motivation

Question 5

Why is leadership important for captain?

Answer 5

Linking between coach + players

Set an example on pitch whilst leading

Motivation on pitch

Question 6

What are the 3 leadership styles

Answer 6

Authoritarian/Autocratic

Democratic

Laissez-faire

Question 7

What is meant by the leadership style Authoritarian/Autocratic

Answer 7

Dictates group

Tend to be inflexible

Strong discipline

Effective when quick decisions need to be made

== Lewin found when leader absent, group would slow or stop work

Question 8

When is the Authoritarian/Autocratic leadership style best employed?

Answer 8

Decisions need to be made quickly + effectively i.e any dangerous situation w/ cognitive/young learners.

Good for getting individuals to engage + work hard.

Time is short

Large groups

Question 9

What is meant by the leadership style democratic

Answer 9

Cooperative

Shows interest in others decisions

Person-orientated

== Lewin found that when leader absent group continued to work

Question 10

When is the democratic leadership style best employed?

Answer 10

In mod. favourable cond. (Fielder)

To encourage independent thinking from players

No time constraints

Question 11

What is meant by the leadership style laissez-faire

Answer 11

‘no leadership’

Makes few decisions - PASSIVE role

Give little fb.

== Lewin found members were aggressive towards each other when things went wrong

Question 12

When is the laissez-faire leadership style best employed?

Answer 12

Limited use w/ sporting context

Could be useful in recreational purposes

Question 13

What factors need to be considered when choosing leadership styles?

Answer 13

Size of group

Personality

Type of learning

Danger level

Duration of activity

Question 14

What are the 2 ways in which leaders develop?

Answer 14

Prescribed

Emergent

Question 15

Define prescribed leaders

Answer 15

Appointed by someone in authority + imposed on a team or group

Question 16

Define emergent leaders

Answer 16

From w/in the group + take charge.

Achieve their status by having respect + support from group.

Question 17

Adv. of prescribed leaders

Answer 17

Immediate authority + control

Employed due to having definite leadership skills.

Question 18

Disadvantages. of prescribed leaders

Answer 18

Might be disliked by team

Can end up performing worse if group doesn’t gel.

Question 19

Adv of emergent leaders

Answer 19

Already supported by team

Respected

Question 20

Disadv. of emergent leaders

Answer 20

Some members might still dislike them = conflict

Some = favouritism by choosing friends

Question 21

What are the theories of leadership in sport

Answer 21

Great Man Theory of Leadership (NATURE)

Social Learning Theory of Leadership (NURTURE)

Question 22

LEADERSHIP THEORY

Explain Great Man Theory of Leadership (NATURE)

Answer 22

1841

Great leaders, usually men, were born NOT made, due to personality traits.

Suggests that certain personality + physical attributes are associated w/ leader success.

Question 23

LEADERSHIP THEORY

Explain Social Learning Theory of Leadership (NURTURE)

Answer 23

Proposes that leadership is a skill that can be learned.

Ind. learns leadership by observing others, then copying their behaviour.

IF behaviour is rewarded = ⬆️ same response = gradually learning to become a leader.

Question 24

Define vicarious experiences

Answer 24

Term used to describe watching another person being successful following a particular behaviour.

Question 25

What criticism is there to the Great Man Theory of Leadership (NATURE)

Answer 25

How can you know that you will successfully lead a situation w/out knowing the situation first.

Question 26

What criticism is there to the Social Learning Theory of Leadership (NURTURE)

Answer 26

No allowance for trait approach + personality characteristics

Question 27

What approach produces the most effective leaders according to recent research?

Answer 27

INTERACTIONIST APPROACH

Question 28

What does the interactionist approach state?

Answer 28

Effective leadership depends on: - Situation - Group factors

Question 29

INTERACTIONIST APPROACH What does it been by situation?

Answer 29

Quick decisions + direct leadership i.e time outs in basketball (AUTOCRATIC) Building group dynamic in training w/ group tasks (DEMOCRATIC) When group has lost sight of goals (AUTOCRATIC)

Question 30

INTERACTIONIST APPROACH What does it been by group factors?

Answer 30

Discipline Personalities Experience i.e large, ill disciplined group = autocratic experienced + unified group = democratic

Question 31

What models are there to successful leadership in sport

Answer 31

Fielder's Contingency Model of Leadership Chelladurai's Multi-dimensional Model of Leadership

Question 32

SUCCESSFUL LEADERSHIP IN SPORT MODELS Explain Fielder's Contingency Model of Leadership

Answer 32

1 of 2 leadership styles should be adopted depending on the 'FAVOURABLENESS' of the situation. Then there's 2 approaches: - TASK-ORIENTATED - PERSON-ORIENTATED

Question 33

SUCCESSFUL LEADERSHIP IN SPORT MODELS Fielder's Contingency Model of Leadership What is meant by "depending on the 'FAVOURABLENESS' of the situation. "

Answer 33

Relationship between leader + group Leader's position of power + authority Task structure

Question 34

FIELDER'S CONTINGENCY MODEL OF LEADERSHIP Explain the Task Orientated Approach

Answer 34

Used in VERY favourable or UNFAVOURABLE situations i.e when leader has a strong level of power/respect OR none at all. Dangerous situations Limited time Large groups

Question 35

FIELDER'S CONTINGENCY MODEL OF LEADERSHIP Explain the Person Orientated Approach

Answer 35

Used in MODERATELY favourable situations i.e when leader has some power/respect Time isn't a crucial factor Consultation is required

Question 36

Which type of leaders are more effective in MOST, LEAST + MODERATELY favourable conditions? (FIELDER'S CONTINGENCY MODEL OF LEADERSHIP )

Answer 36

AUTOCRATIC = MOST + LEAST favourable DEMOCRATIC = Moderately favourable

Question 37

What does Chelladurai's multi-dimensional model of leadership state?

Answer 37

That teams performance + satisfaction w/ leader will be highest if the leader's required, preferred + actual behaviours all agree.

Question 38

What 3 factors/antecedents did Chelladurai suggest leaders must be able to adapt to

Answer 38

Situation (i.e task diff. / group size / activity) Leader (personality, skill level) Group members (ability, age, gender personality)

Question 39

CHELLADURAI'S MULTIDIMENSIONAL MODEL OF LEADERSHIP Explain required behaviour

Answer 39

What is needed in relation to the task

Question 40

CHELLADURAI'S MULTIDIMENSIONAL MODEL OF LEADERSHIP Explain preferred behaviour

Answer 40

What group would like their leader to be

Question 41

CHELLADURAI'S MULTIDIMENSIONAL MODEL OF LEADERSHIP Explain actual behaviour

Answer 41

What actually happens