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Main Words > leanguage 2 > Flashcards

leanguage 2 Flashcards

1
Q

steep

A

(of a slope) rising or falling at a sharp angle:

dik

It’s a steep climb to the top of the mountain, but the view is worth it.

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2
Q

pathogen

A

any small organism, such as a virus or a bacterium that can cause disease:

patojen

a dangerous pathogen

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3
Q

spillover

A

an amount of liquid that has become too much for the object that contains it and flows or spreads out:

Taşma

The spillover from the adjacent river flooded the lower fields.

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4
Q

urge

A

a strong wish, especially one that is difficult or impossible to control:

dürtü, zorlama, kışkırtma

The two of them seem unable to control their sexual urges.

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5
Q

stoke

A

to add fuel to a large fire and move the fuel around with a stick so that it burns well and produces a lot of heat: ,
to encourage bad ideas or feelings in a lot of people:

harlamak , körüklemek

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6
Q

conservationist

A

someone who works to protect the environment from the damaging effects of human activity:

korumacı ,doğalcı , yeşilci

Conservationists are fighting to save the tiger.

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7
Q

hurdle

A

a frame or fence for jumping over in a race: ,
a problem that you have to deal with before you can make progress:

engel

He fell at the last hurdle. ,

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8
Q

permit

A

to allow something:

izin vermek

As it was such a special occasion, she permitted herself a small glass of champagne.

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9
Q

overcome

A

to defeat or succeed in controlling or dealing with something:

üstesinden gelmek

Juventus overcame Ajax in a thrilling game.

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10
Q

thrilling

A

extremely exciting:

heyecan verici

The book is a thrilling adventure story.

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11
Q

bolster

A

to support or improve something or make it stronger: ,
a long firm cylinder-shaped pillow

destek, yastık, uzun yastık

She tried to bolster my confidence/morale (= encourage me and make me feel stronger) by telling me that I had a special talent.

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12
Q

replace

A

to take the place of something, or to put something or someone in the place of something or someone else:

yer değiştirmek

The factory replaced most of its workers with robots.

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13
Q

fieldwork

A

study that consists of practical activities that are done away from your school, college, or place of work:

fieldwork

They had to go to Africa to do their fieldwork

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14
Q

solid

A

hard or firm, keeping a clear shape:

katı, sağlam, masif

solid ground ,a solid object , a solid structure

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15
Q

excrement

A

the solid waste that is released from the bowels of a person or animal:

dışkı, pislik, kaka

human excrement

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16
Q

bowels

A

a long tube through which food travels while it is being digested after leaving the stomach; intestines

bağırsak, iç, iç kısım

Prisoners were generally confined to the bowels of the ship.

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17
Q

confine

A

to limit an activity, person, or problem in some way:

sınırlamak, hapsetmek, tutmak

Let’s confine our discussion to the matter in question, please!

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18
Q

guano

A

the excrement (= solid waste) of sea birds and bats:

deniz kuşu ve yarasa boku

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19
Q

fertilizer

A

a natural or chemical substance that is spread on the land or given to plants, to make plants grow well:

gübre, suni gübre

organic fertilizer , a liquid/chemical fertilizer

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20
Q

roost

A

a place, such as a branch of a tree, where birds rest or sleep:

tünek

At the close of day, the bird flies to its roost.

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21
Q

abundance

A

the situation in which there is more than enough of something:

bolluk

There was an abundance of food at the wedding.

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22
Q

resurrect

A

to bring someone back to life:

diriltmek

Almost all Christians believe that Jesus was resurrected from the dead.

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23
Q

cell

A

the smallest basic unit of a plant or animal ,
a small room with not much furniture, especially in a prison or a monastery or convent,
a device for producing electrical energy from chemical energy

Hücre , Pil , Göz

DNA is stored in the nucleus of a cell.

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24
Q

tissue

A

a group of connected cells in an animal or plant that are similar to each other, have the same purpose, and form the stated part of the animal or plant:

doku, ince kâğıt, kâğıt mendil

His face is covered with scar tissue where he was badly burned. , human tissue ,
plant tissue

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25
Q

disposable

A

A disposable product is intended to be thrown away after use:

tek kullanımlık

a disposable camera , disposable nappies

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26
Q

nappy

A

a square of thick soft paper or cloth that is fastened around a baby’s bottom and between its legs to absorb its urine and solid waste:

bebek bezi

She was changing the baby’s nappy

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27
Q

ensemble

A

a group of things or people acting or taken together as a whole, especially a group of musicians who regularly play together:

topluluk, grup, birlik

The Mozart Ensemble is/are playing at Carnegie Hall tonight.

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28
Q

expand

A

to increase in size, number, or importance, or to make something increase in this way:

genişletmek

The air in the balloon expands when heated.

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29
Q

shrink

A

to become smaller, or to make something smaller:

çekmek (kıyafetin çekmesi gibi) küçültmek, psikiyatrist

Your sweater will shrink if you wash it at too high a temperature. ,
I was so depressed that I ended up going to see a shrink.

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30
Q

demand

A

to ask for something forcefully, in a way that shows that you do not expect to be refused:

talep etmek

He has always demanded the highest standards of behaviour from his children.

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31
Q

envelope

A

a flat, usually square or rectangular, paper container for a letter

mektup ,zarf, kılıf, örtü

An envelope was waiting for me when I got home.

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32
Q

spy

A

a person who secretly collects and reports information about the activities of another country or organization

casus

The organization had been penetrated by a spy.

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33
Q

penetrate

A

to move into or through something:

nüfuz etmek, işlemek, içine girmek

Amazingly, the bullet did not penetrate his brain.

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34
Q

sampler

A

a collection that contains some examples of something, so that you can get an idea of what it is like: ,,,,,,

a decorative piece of cloth with letters, words, pictures, etc. sewed on it, made especially in the past and often hung on the wall like a picture

örnekleyici, örnekleri deneyen kimse, çeşnicibaşı

The full Mozart Collection is available on 45 CDs, or you can buy a more modest sampler of 12 CDs. ,

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35
Q

spacecraft

A

a vehicle used for travel in space:

uzay aracı

a manned/unmanned spacecraft (= with/without people inside)

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36
Q

sack

A

a large bag made of strong cloth, paper, or plastic, used to store large amounts of something:

çuval, torba, yağma

The corn was stored in large sacks ,

a sack of potatoes/coal/flour

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37
Q

flour

A

powder made from grain, especially wheat, used for making bread, cakes, pasta, pastry, etc.:

un

Thicken the sauce with a little flour. ,

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38
Q

estimated

A

roughly calculated or approximate:

tahmini

The bridge was begun five years ago and the estimated cost has already doubled. ,

The collection has fetched three times its estimated value at auction.

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39
Q

diabolical

A

extremely bad or shocking:

şeytani, şeytanca, şeytan gibi

Conditions in the prison were diabolical. ,

His driving is diabolical!

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40
Q

ironclad

A

very certain and unlikely to be changed:

zırhlı

ironclad rules

41
Q

clad

A

(of people) dressed, or (of things) covered:

giyinmiş, örtülü, sarılmış

A strange figure appeared in the doorway, clad in white. ,,,

an ivy-clad wall

42
Q

ivy

A

an evergreen plant (= one that never loses its leaves) that often grows up trees or buildings

sarmaşık

Ivy covered the broken walls.

43
Q

beetle

A

an insect with a hard shell-like back:

böcek

a black beetle ,,,
a deathwatch beetle

44
Q

intricate

A

having a lot of small parts that are arranged in a complicated or delicate way:

karmaşık, girift

45
Q

exoskeleton

A

a hard outer layer that covers, supports, and protects the body of an invertebrate animal (= one without a line of bones in its back) such as an insect or crustacean:

dış iskelet

The white shells found on shore are exoskeletons of dead animals. ,,,

Crayfish sometimes consume their old exoskeleton after it has moulted.

46
Q

predator

A

an animal that hunts, kills, and eats other animals:

avcı, yırtıcı hayvan

lions, wolves, and other predators

47
Q

jaw

A

the lower part of your face that moves when you open your mouth:

çene, ağız, can sıkıcı öğüt

a broken jaw ,,, US a punch in the jaw ,,, He has a strong/square jaw.

48
Q

interlock

A

to join together firmly, esp. by fitting one part into another

kilitlemek, kenetlemek, bağlamak

The edges interlock to form a tight seal.

49
Q

ridge

A

a long, narrow raised part of a surface, especially a high edge along a mountain:

çıkıntı, sırt, yükselti

We walked along the narrow mountain ridge ,,,
A ridge (= a narrow area) of high pressure will bring good weather this afternoon.

50
Q

vital

A

necessary for the success or continued existence of something; extremely important:

hayati, yaşamsal, canlı

A strong opposition is vital to a healthy democracy.

51
Q

jigsaw

A

a picture stuck onto wood or cardboard and cut into pieces of different shapes that must be joined together correctly to form the picture again:

yapboz

We spent all evening doing a 1,000-piece jigsaw.

52
Q

flat

A

level and smooth, with no curved, high, or hollow parts:

düz, yassı

An ice rink needs to be completely flat. ,,,

Much of the countryside in that region is very flat.

53
Q

squash

A

to crush something into a flat shape:

ezmek, kabak

He accidentally sat on her hat and squashed it.

54
Q

joint

A

belonging to or shared between two or more people: ,
a place in your body where two bones are connected:

birleştirmek, eklem yeri

The project was a joint effort between the two schools (= they worked on it together). ,,,
As you become older, your joints get stiffer.

55
Q

stiff

A

firm or hard:

sert

His clothes were stiff with dried mud.

56
Q

fracture

A

If something hard, such as a bone, fractures, or is fractured, it breaks or cracks:

kırık

She fractured her skull in the accident.

57
Q

snap

A

to cause something that is thin to break suddenly and quickly with a cracking sound:

ani çıt sesi çıkarma

You’ll snap that ruler if you bend it too far.

58
Q

shift

A

to (cause something or someone to) move or change from one position or direction to another, especially slightly: ,,,,

(of an idea, opinion, etc.) to change:

değiştirmek , vardiya

She shifted (her weight) uneasily from one foot to the other.

59
Q

catalyze , catalyse

A

to make a chemical reaction happen or happen more quickly by acting as a catalyst:

katalize etmek , kolaylaştırmak

It was thought that only proteins could catalyse reactions in cells.

60
Q

occur

A

(especially of accidents and other unexpected events) to happen:

meydana gelmek, oluşmak,

An accident involving over ten vehicles has occurred in the east-bound lane.

60
Q

alongside

A

next to, or together with:

yanında

The new pill will be used alongside existing medicines.

61
Q

hominid

A

a member of a group that consists of humans, chimpanzees, gorillas, and orang-utangs, or an early form of one of these

insansı

62
Q

reckon

A

to think or believe:

tahmin etmek , hesaplamak

How much do you reckon (that) it’s going to cost?

63
Q

climate

A

the general weather conditions usually found in a particular place:

iklim

The Mediterranean climate is good for growing citrus fruits and grapes.

64
Q

fluctuate

A

to change, especially continuously and between one level or thing and another:

dalgalanmak

Vegetable prices fluctuate according to the season.

65
Q

herald

A

to be a sign that something important, and often good, is starting to happen, or to make something publicly known, especially by celebrating or praising it:

haber vermek

The president’s speech heralds a new era in foreign policy.

66
Q

era

A

a period of time of which particular events or stages of development are typical:

dönem

the post-war era

67
Q

prank

A

a trick that is intended to be funny but not to cause harm or damage:

eşek Şakası

When I was at school we were always playing pranks on our teachers.

68
Q

predict

A

to say that an event or action will happen in the future, especially as a result of knowledge or experience:

öngörü, ahmin etmek, kehanette bulunmak

It’s still not possible to accurately predict the occurrence of earthquakes.

69
Q

scarce

A

not easy to find or get:

Food and clean water were becoming scarce.

kıt, nadir, sınırlı

70
Q

scatter

A

to (cause to) move far apart in different directions:

saçmak, dağıtmak,

The soldiers came in and scattered the crowd.

71
Q

trade

A

the activity of buying and selling, or exchanging, goods and/or services between people or countries:

ticaret

72
Q

goods

A

things for sale, or the things that you own:

mal, eşya,

There is a 25 percent discount on all electrical goods until the end of the week.

73
Q

manufacture

A

to produce goods in large numbers, usually in a factory using machines:

üretim, imal, yapım

The report notes a rapid decline in manufactured goods.

74
Q

obtain

A

to get something, especially by asking for it, buying it, working for it, or producing it from something else:

elde etmek

First editions of these books are now almost impossible to obtain.

75
Q

suitable

A

acceptable or right for someone or something:

uygun, elverişli,

The film is not suitable for children

76
Q

indicate

A

to show, point, or make clear in another way:

belirtmek, göstermek

Exploratory investigations have indicated large amounts of oil below the sea bed.

77
Q

cascade

A

a small waterfall, often one of a group

çağlayan
sıfat : kademeli

78
Q

sediment

A

a soft substance that is like a wet powder and consists of very small pieces of a solid material that have fallen to the bottom of a liquid:

tortu, çökelti, posa

There was a brown sediment in the bottom of the bottle.

79
Q

basin

A

an open, round container shaped like a bowl with sloping sides, used for holding food or liquid:

havza, leğen, havuz

a pudding basin

80
Q

extract

A

to remove or take out something: ,,,

a substance taken from a plant, flower, etc. and used especially in food or medicine:

çıkarmak ,,, özüt, öz

They used to extract iron ore from this site. ,,,
The cream contained extracts of/from several plants.

81
Q

fragment

A

a small piece or a part, especially when broken from something whole:

parça

The road was covered with fragments of glass from the shattered window.

82
Q

pond

A

an area of water smaller than a lake, often artificially made:

gölet, havuz

a duck pond

83
Q

consistent

A

always behaving or happening in a similar, especially positive, way:

tutarlı

Her work is sometimes good, but the problem is she’s not consistent.

84
Q

intermittent

A

not happening regularly or continuously; stopping and starting repeatedly or with periods in between:

aralıklı, kesik kesik, gidip gelen

intermittent rain ,,,
Although she made intermittent movie appearances, she was essentially a stage actress.

85
Q

severe

A

causing very great pain, difficulty, worry, damage, etc.; very serious:

haşin, şiddetli,

In parts of Africa there is a severe food/water shortage.

86
Q

shortage

A

a situation in which there is not enough of something:

kıtlık, eksiklik,

There’s a shortage of food and shelter in the refugee camps.

87
Q

vegetation

A

plants in general, or plants that are found in a particular area:

bitki örtüsü

Much of the region’s native vegetation has been damaged by developers who are building hotels along the coast.

88
Q

gras

A

çimen

a grassy slope/hillside

89
Q

graze

A

to break the surface of the skin by rubbing against something rough: ,,,
to (cause animals to) eat grass:

sıyrık, sıyırma ,,,
otlatmak

He fell down and grazed his knee. ,,,
The farmer grazes cattle on this land in the summer months.

90
Q

cattle

A

a group of animals that includes cows, buffalo, and bison, that are often kept for their milk or meat:

sığırlar

beef/dairy cattle

91
Q

dairy

A

a place on a farm where milk and cream are kept and cheese and butter are made, a company that supplies milk and products made from milk, or milk and products made from milk:

süt ürünleri, mandıra

She eats no meat and very little dairy.

92
Q

construct

A

to build something or put together different parts to form something whole:

kurmak, inşa etmek,

The walls are constructed of concrete.

93
Q

concrete

A

a very hard building material made by mixing together cement, sand, small stones, and water: ,,,
clear and certain, or real and existing in a form that can be seen or felt:

beton, somut,

a concrete floor/path ,,,
They think she killed her husband, but they have no concrete evidence.

94
Q

participate

A

to take part in or become involved in an activity:

katılmak

She never participates in any of our discussions, does she?

95
Q

seed

A

a small, round or oval object produced by a plant and from which, when it is planted, a new plant can grow:

tohum

The farmers grow these crops for seed (= for planting to grow more crops, rather than for eating).

96
Q

retreat

A

to go away from a place or person in order to escape from fighting or danger:

geri çekilme, gerileme,

Attacks by enemy aircraft forced the tanks to retreat (from the city).

97
Q

sheet

A

a large rectangular piece of cloth used to cover a bed, or a rectangular piece of any material, such as paper, glass, or metal:

çarşaf, levha

She put the dough onto cookie sheets.

98
Q

latter

A

near or towards the end of something:

ikincisi , son

Building of the new library should begin in the latter part of next year.

Main Words (18 decks)

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