Learning Objectives (Midterm #2)

Question 1

1. Describe the difference between an allele and a gene.

Question 2

Use a Punnett square to solve genetic problems

Question 12

Explain why the “central dogma” of biology is an oversimplification

Answer 12

Central Dogma= genetic information goes from DNA to RNA to protein

Question 13

Explain how transcription and translation are different in prokaryotes vs eukaryotes

Answer 13

Prokearyote (bacteria) cell: transcription and translation happen in same time and place (cytoplasm)
Eukaryote: transcription& RNA processing in nucleus and translation in cytoplasm
Also bacteria, end of terminator= stops transcription
eukaryotes, RNA polymerase= transcribes polyadenylation signal

Question 14

Use the codon table to predict an amino acid sequence from a coding sequence of DNA

Question 15

Describe the stages of transcription

Question 16

Describe the different types of RNA processing that occurs in eukaryotes

Question 17

Describe the process of RNA splicing.

Question 18

Describe WHY an organism can produce a greater diversity of proteins than would be predicted based
on number of genes

Question 19

Describe the stages of translation

Question 20

Predict a protein sequence from the mRNA sequence

Answer 20

N terminus of protein= 5’ end of mRNA
C terminus of protein= 3’ end of mRNA

Question 21

Describe how proteins are targeted to the ER

Question 22

Describe how polyribosomes enable cells to make many polypeptides very quickly

Question 23

Describe the different types of mutations and the potential impact they have on protein structure and
function

Question 24

What is the result of a dihybrid cross?