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air safety > lec 1: intro + history > Flashcards

lec 1: intro + history Flashcards

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1
Q

types of investigations
list 5

A

criminal
civil liability
public inquiries
coroners inquest
safety investigations

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2
Q

criminal investigation

A

evidence gathered in meticulous manner
evidence not data
Goal: use evidence in prosectory process to convict individual: CONVICTION
standard: beyond reasonable doubt

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3
Q

Civil Liability Investigations

A

evidence is ad-hoc
discovery (share all evidence)
“Expert Witnesses”
Goal: apportion liability/Blame: tort case
award remedies

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4
Q

public inquiries

A

not judicial court process
commissioned by governing state
not punitive

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5
Q

Public inquiry: AIR Ontario 1989 Focker28

A

Moshanksy Report: Public Inquiry

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6
Q

Safety Investigations

A

purpose:prevention
collection of data is methodical (not ad-hoc) - guided by methodology (no need to establish chain of custody)
output/product=safety communications
not punitive
does not seek to apportion blame/ liability
Goal: communicate recommendations to organizations that can implement change

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7
Q

first fatal aviation accident

A

1785
uses hydrogen
goal: navigate across english channel - unsuccessful
“De Roziere Balloon”

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8
Q

powered fixed wing flight

A

1903
Wright Flyer
First powered flight of plane

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9
Q

first airplane accident

A

1903 (october)
samuel langley
developmental (no investigation)
not fatal

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10
Q

first fatal airplane accident

A

1908
kity hawk
propeller unit fractured and reminisce severed controlled lines and fabric
2 died
investigator : frank lahm
- factual report
- no recommendations
- father of accident investigations

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11
Q

1st formal accident investigations report

A

1912
safety report
british royal aeroclub crash
contained: facts, analysis, findings/conclusions/recommendations

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12
Q

Transatlantic flight

A

1919
1st ever
commercial aviation
scrutinized for safety - domestic regulations developed by nations

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13
Q

1st regulatory body

A

1920
british air navigation transport act

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14
Q

usa civil aviation regulations

A

1926
ad-hoc
department of commerce and labour

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15
Q

jet propulsion

A

1930
single stage power turbine
patented in 1930
built in 1938 and took flight successfully

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16
Q

commercial passenger flight

A

1935
DC3 (plane)
certified early 1930
still flying in Canada

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17
Q

ICAO established

A

1944
aviation is global activity
post WW2- allied states decided needed way to facilitate across statelines
Met in Chicago in 1944 and wrote Chicago Convention called International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)
originally S2 states (nations)

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18
Q

cabin pressurization

A

1947
DC6 (plane)
fly higher than 12000 ft, quieter

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19
Q

ICAO Annex 13

A

annex= appendix
governs how international cooperation is to be facilitated during accident investigation
whos responsible for investigation

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20
Q

FAA (ATC)

A

1958
nationwide coordination of air traffic control
Federal Aviation Admin

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21
Q

independent NTSB

A

1975
national transport safety board

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22
Q

tenerife

A

1977
deadliest air accident in history (by fatalities)
2 aircrafts collided on runway (runway incursion)
583 fatalities

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23
Q

CASB

Study These Flashcards
A

1984
Canadas Aviation Safety Board

24
Q

Aloha 243

Study These Flashcards
A

2 ppl died
Boeing-737-200
accumulated 3500 flight hours
90000 flight cycles
most flights last 1/2 hour - pressurizing and depressurizing
many fatigue cycles in # flight hours not considered by Boeing

25
TSB Canada
1990 Transportation Safety Board accident investigation authority for canada 1960 transport canada: regulating entity (TCA) - air safety branch
26
Dubin Report
Result of public inquiry in 1980 - published in 1981 Andrew Corswell justice dublin Resulted in CASB : Canada Aviation Safety Board
27
Andrew Corswell
canadas leading pioneer on aviation safety
28
justice dublin
judge on case resulting in dublin report principal recommendation that canada needs its own independent national transport safety board (CASB)
29
CASB
Canada Aviation Safety Board quasi independent
30
air arrow
1985 major - over 2000 serviceman of american military died set stage 1st major accident proceeded findings in draft final report and presented to 8 board members
31
FOCKER 28 Air Ontario
Dryden ontario 1989 crashed on takeoff with icing all on board died resulted in public inquiry 2 : Moshanksy Report Resulted in TSB Creation 1990 - no more board members
32
TSB quadrants
marine, oil/pipeline, train, aero
33
TSB classifications
Class 1 Class2 Class 3 Class 4 Class 5 Class 6
34
TSB classifications Class 1
unique multiple occurrences systemic risk (unsafe) 2016 frequent runway incursions
35
TSB classifications Class 2
most severe
36
TSB classifications Class 3
most popular with class 4 aircraft skids off side of runway no fatalities
37
TSB classifications Class 4
most popular with class 3 porter airlines tail strike damage reparable - 2 sore back passengers
38
TSB classifications Class 5
no reports- just data gathering
39
TSB classifications Class 6
foreign state support canadian made product 3rd party
40
TSB-Canada Mission
To advance transportation safety in the air, marine, rail and pipeline modes of transportation that are under federal jurisdiction by: * conducting independent investigations * identifying safety deficiencies * identifying causes and contributing factors * making recommendations * publishing reports
41
TSB-Canada who we are
An independent agency that consists of up to five Board members, including a chairperson, and approximately 220 employees. * The TSB reports to Parliament through the President of the Kings’s Privy Council for Canada and is independent from other governmental agencies and departments. * It is not the function of the TSB to assign fault or determine civil or criminal liability.
42
The phases of a TSB investigation
1 – Field phase 2 – Examination and analysis phase 3 – Report phase
43
TSB-C Investigations and reports
Approximately 3,800 transportation occurrences (accidents and incidents) are reported to the TSB every year. An occurrence is investigated when it is very likely that the investigation will improve transportation safety in Canada by reducing the risks to which people, property, and the environment are exposed.
44
Classification system for TSB investigations
Class 1 occurrences – Safety issue investigation Class 2 occurrences – Complex investigation Class 3 occurrences – Detailed investigation Class 4 occurrences – Limited scope investigation Class 5 occurrences – Data gathering investigation Class 6 occurrences – Foreign investigation
45
Noteworthy Investigation Authorities
National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) - huge budget - 1st independent - increase level of expertise = large products (aviation) -multimodal UK AAIB (Air accident investigation branch) - small org competent individuals unimodal ATSB: Australian Transport Safety Bureau - multimodal -similar to USA Russian Aviation Interstate Committee (AIC) competent technically
46
Aviation Safety Trends
need to normalize to get rates revenue kms/yr flight hours/yr per passenger kms
47
___% fatal accidents are in final approach/landing
50
48
SCF-NP
system/component failure (non -power plant) nothing to do with propulsion systm
49
RE
runway excursion - air craft lands but loses control insufficient braking
50
RI
runway incursion
51
C-FIT
control flight into terrain
52
COC-I
loss of control in flight
53
ICE
icing
54
TURB
turbulance
55
RAMP
ground handelling
56
ARC
abnormal runway contract - tall strike
57
MAC
mid air collision / risk of collision

air safety (20 decks)

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