Lec 82 Child Development Flashcards
What is growth?
increase in tissue through size or number of cells
What is maturation?
sequential emergence of specific pre-determined capacities
What is development?
progression of functions and skills resulting from interaction between individual and their environment
What is development vs growth?
growth = child getting bigger in size development = how child able to do more complex things as he gets older
What are the 4 domains of development?
- motor [gross and fine]
- language
- cognitive
- social/emotional
At newborn what:
- motor
- cognitive
- language
- social/emotional
motor: basic reflexes [rooting, sucking, palmar, moro, plantar], limited purposeful movement
cognitive: sensorimotor = sense things
language: just crying, cannot localize sound
social/emotional:
- temperament = basically genetic
At 6 mo what:
- motor
- cognitive
- language
- social/emotional
motor: manipulating objects, grasping, purposeful movement, reach for objects, transfer object from hand to hand, sit on your own, roll over
cognitive: sensorimotor, not yet object permanence, has some working memory
language: coo by 2-4 mo, babble by 5-6 mo
social/emotional: looks at you but ignores you
At 1 yr what:
- motor
- cognitive
- language
- social/emotional
motor: most kids walking
cognitive: object permanence
language: say mama, dada, + one other word
social/emotional: can follow commands, achieved trust vs mistrust, has moved from differentiation to practicing, has separation anxiety
At 2 yr what:
- motor
- cognitive
- language
- social/emotional
motor: run, climb stairs, copy a line
cognitive: preoperational
language: 2 word phrases, about 250 words = synaptic density in wernicke/broca
social/emotional: say “no”, toilet training begins, anal stage/ shame/doubt, parallel play [play next to each other but not collaboratively]
At 3 yr what:
- motor
- cognitive
- language
- social/emotional
motor: ride tricycle [3 yrs = 3 wheels], copy a circle, toilet tratined
cognitive: preoperational
language: speaks sentences, grammar, knows full name
social/emotional: gender identity usually solidified, will not play cooperatively yet, object constancy, initiative vs guilt stage, freuds phallic phase
At latency period [age 6-11] what:
- motor
- cognitive
- language
- social/emotional
latency = less active psychosexual development
motor: not much new
cognitive: brain 90% of adult volume, by age 7 myelination complete but pruning in PFC continues, capable of paying attention, self-regulation, consideration of others, concrete operational thought, greater empathy/altruism, less egocentrism
language: not much new
social/emotional: sex preference often established
At adolescence what:
- motor
- cognitive
- language
- social/emotional
motor:
cognitive: capacity for abstraction, see from another’s point of view, hypotheticals, probabilities, moral reasoning, universal ethical principles
language:
social/emotional: self identity, knowing who you are/where you fit in
physical growth, puberty [females 9-11, males 2 yrs later]
When is baby able to coo by? babble?
coo = 2-4 mo babble = 5-6 mo
What are piaget’s 4 stages?
- sensorimotor [age 0 -2]
- preoperational [age 3-6]
- concrete operations [age 7-12]
- formal operations [age 13+]
What characterizes piaget’s sensorimotor stage?
age 0-2
- exploring environment through sensing things and learning how to manipulate their bodies
What characterizes piaget’s preoperational stage?
age 3-6 =preschool
- has language without logic
- magical thinking
- animism [anything that moves is alive]
- con concept real vs imaginary
What characterizes piaget’s concreate operations stage?
age 7-12
onset of logical thought
What characterizes piaget’s formal operations stage?
age 13+
still has logic but now capable of abstract thought, imagining possibilities, hypotheticals
What are thomas and chess different types of temperament?
easy = 80% = pretty able to be soothed/predictable
difficult = 10% = greater challenge to soother
slow to warm = 10% = at first seem difficult but when you spend time with them they become easy
What are margaret mahler’s stages of attachment?
- normal autism
- symbiosis = by 2 mo
- differentiation = 4-5 mo
- practicing = by 1 yr
- Reapprochement = 1-2 yrs
- object constancy = 2-5 yrs
What is normal autism?
during 1st few wks baby is in own world
does not interact much with the outside world = not aware of others
What is symbiosis?
- by 2 mo
baby fused with mom, has no sense that body is separate from mom
What is differentiation?
by 4-5 mo
- starts to separate from mom, look around, discover outside world, attention wanders, finds fingers/toes
- develops transient stranger anxiety
What is practicing?
- at 1 yr
walk, goes away from mom and ends up alone, hallmark of separation - conflicting desire to be independent and need for mothering/closeness
