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Bio 208 > Lec 9- autotrophs > Flashcards

Lec 9- autotrophs Flashcards

(47 cards)

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1
Q

trophic/trophy/troph

A

having to do with food nourishment

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2
Q

autotrophy

A

own complex carbs for nourishment from inorganic C-sources
- photosynthesis (light)
- chemosynthesis (oxidation)

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3
Q

heterotrophy

A

organic sources of C synthesized by others to derive energy

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4
Q

How diverse are trophics in organismal groups?

A
  • strategies evolved independently
    Prokaryotes- most diverse
    Fungi/animals- heterotrophs only
    Plants- mostly photosynthesizers
    Chemosynthesizers- only prokaryotes
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5
Q

photosynthesis

A

converts co2 to complex sugars
derives energy from light -triggers rxns

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6
Q

chemosynthesis

A

converts co2 (or CH4) to complex sugars
derives energy from oxidation
- has rxn similar to photosynthesis

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7
Q

What is light?

A

electromagnetic radiation

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8
Q

what is wave-particle duality?

A

radiation behaves as a wave and particle (photon)

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9
Q

how can electromagnetic radiation be described as?

A

wavelength and photon energy

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10
Q

infrared and radio waves

A

too little energy for photosynthesis

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11
Q

UV, x-ray, gamma

A

too much energy for photosynthesis
- harmful to cellular structure

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12
Q

Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR)

A
  • quantity and quality of light influences photosynthesis rates
  • how much PAR plants receive is is visible
  • influenced by many factors: latitude, clouds, landscape, position of plant w/in terrestrial vegetation, aquatic
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13
Q

Light Partitioning in Forests

A

many: adapted to high and low PAR
one: adapted to moderate PAR availability
shrubs: adapted to low PAR availability

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14
Q

how does water depth affect amount of light?

A

PAR modified in quantity and quality as light passes through water column of aquatic sys
- PAR decreases and changes in spectrum representation

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15
Q

red light

A

absorbed by autotrophs near surface
- green emitted by organisms
- no red light reaches the deep layers

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16
Q

blue light

A

reaches deep layers
- autotrophs adapted to use PAR in blue range
absorbed by autotrophs at great depths
- red light emitted

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17
Q

deep water algae

A

deep water algae appear red b/c chlorophyll absorbs blue and green light
reflects red

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18
Q

sunlight (euphotic) zone

A

sunlight penetrates beyond this zone

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19
Q

twilight (dysphotic) zone

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A

sunlight decreases rapidly with depth
photosynthesis is not possible here
- chemosynthesis

20
Q

midnight (aphotic) zone

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A

sunlight does not penetrate
- bathed in darkness

21
Q

PAR in aquatic systems

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A
  • penetrate only 100-200m
    changes in quality and quantity with depth
22
Q

photosynthetic response curves

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A

energy limitation in plants
- as photon flux density increases then NPR increases but to a point
Lsat - irradiance at saturation
Pmax- max net photosynthesis
LCP- light compensation point, light intensity at which photosynthesis = respiration
- if more light is available, plant produces more sugars than it uses

23
Q

seedlings growth in open

Study These Flashcards
A

higher Pmax and Lsat

24
Q

seedlings growth in shade

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A

lower Pmax and Lsat

25
Sun plants- adaptations
achieve higher Pmax inefficient in using PPFD
26
Shade plants- adaptations
achieve small Pmax more efficient at using low PPFD low Lsat = damaged by sunny sites
27
Photosynthesis eqn
6 co2 + 6 h2o = c6h12o6 + 6 o2
28
carbon- photosynthesis
enters through stomata in leaves through diffusion
29
water- photosynthesis
enters through water transportation
30
glucose- photosynthesis
carbs used to gain energy via resp - respiration
31
oxygen- photosynthesis
byproduct is essential for other organisms
32
C3 photosynthesis
- no anatomic/time separation of processes - initial C fixation: mesophyll (day) - Calvin cycle: mesophyll (day)
33
C4 photosynthesis
anatomic separation of processes - initial C fixation: mesophyll (day) - Calvin cycle: bundle sheath cells (day)
34
CAM photosythesis
time separation of processes - initial C fixation: mesophyll (night) - Calvin cycle: mesophyll (day)
35
C3 photosynthesis process
1. light rxn photon - mesophyll rich in chloroplasts - creates ATP and NADPH 2. Calvin cycle RuBP+ RUBISCO + CO2 = C3 acid (PGA) and NADPH and ATP to sugars and starch
36
Problems in hot climates with C3 (3)
rubisco = inefficient at high temps open stomata = wastes water closed stomata - o2 increases, photosynthesis suppressed
37
adaptations for C4 photosynthesis during hot climates
o2 accumulates in mesophyll calvin cycle in bundle sheath - keep stomata closed water efficient
38
adaptations for CAM photosynthesis during hot climates
- separates timing of process night- open stomata and fix C to C4 - day: close stomata and complete C-fixation
39
C4 photosynthesis process
2 step - light rxn: o2 production co2 fixation to C4 acid PEP + CO2 = C4 C4 to CO2 and rubisco to PGA to sugars and starch to RuBP
40
C4 strategy
most prominent: Corn wild-growing C4 in AB esp in prairies 3% of vascular plants
41
Why are there so few native C4 plants in Edmonton?
C4 pathway: more water efficient but water is not such a limiting factor as in hot climates further south C3 pathway: more energy efficient than C4 pathway - evolutionary advantage
42
CAM photosynthesis process
crassulacean acid metabolism - 2 steps - day: light rxn and Calvin cycle
43
Convergent evolution
distantly related organism independently evolve similar traits to adapt C4 and CAM photosynthesis evolved convergently
44
chemosynthesis
do not depend on light energy from oxidizing chemicals - hydrothermal vent fissure in seafloor that releases H2S and heat occupy region on planet that light does not reach- deep ocean floors and caves bacteria support a rich life- primary producers of ecosystem symbionts of a giant tube worms
45
Chemosynthesis eqn
2H2S + O2 = 2S + 2H2O + energy (from oxidation) - hydrogen sulfide bonds rich in energy - elemental sulfur - used to bind C and produce carbs
46
chemolithoautotrophs
derive energy from oxidizing compounds of inorganic origin - H2S, Fe2+, NH3, NH4+ - bacteria and archaea
47
chemoorganoautotrophs
derive energy from oxidizing compounds of organic origin - CH4 - bacteria and archaea

Bio 208 (23 decks)

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