Lecture 1

Question 1

What is specific/adaptive immunity induced by?

Answer 1

Exposure to a particular infection

Question 2

What are some features of specific immunity?

Answer 2

Mediated by lymphocytes (B/Tcells)

Question 3

How can self reactive lymphocytes be removed?

Answer 3

By clonal deletion

Question 4

What forms a clone of effector cells?

Answer 4

Proliferation and differentiation of activated specific lymphocytes

Question 5

Why are BCR expressed by?

Answer 5

B cells

Question 6

What does the membrane bound form of Ig binds?

Answer 6

Free antigen

Question 7

When is the antigen secreted?

Answer 7

When the B cell is activated

Question 8

What allows for the activation of complement?

Answer 8

Opsonisation and classical pathway activation and MAC

Question 9

What are antibodies formed by?

Answer 9

4 polypeptides

Question 10

What is the structure for antibodies?

Answer 10

Variables V regions (heavy and light) and constant C regions

Question 11

What do the two V regions form?

Answer 11

Antigen binding site

Question 12

What do the C regions do?

Answer 12

Antibody effector function - FC region

Question 13

What type of structure are antibodies?

Answer 13

Bivalent structure

Question 14

What are the 2 identical heavy and light chains held together by?

Answer 14

Covalent and non covalent bonds

Question 15

What does the FC region bind on the constant region?

Answer 15

Macrophages, NK cells and neutrophils

Question 16

What are the 5 different classes of antibodies?

Answer 16

IgA, M, D, G, E

Question 17

What is another word for antibody?

Answer 17

Isotype

Question 18

What are antibodies determined by?

Answer 18

The heavy chain in the C region

Question 19

What termini’s do C domains occupy?

Answer 19

Carboxyl

Question 20

What C termini’s do V domains occupy?

Answer 20

Amino

Question 21

What domains are part of the immunoglobulin superfamily?

Answer 21

TCR, MHC class I and II

Question 22

How many hypervariable regions are there?

Answer 22

2 in the V heavy and V light

Question 23

How many HV loops?

Answer 23

6

Question 24

How many complementary-determining regions are there (CDR)?

Answer 24

CDR1-3

Question 25

What affects antibody binding?

Answer 25

Size and shape

Question 26

What does a linear epitope mean ?

Answer 26

It s continuous

Question 27

Non-linear?

Answer 27

Discontinuous

Question 28

How are epitopes recognised?

Answer 28

By antibodies

Question 29

What do antibodies and antigens form?

Answer 29

Non-covalent interactions

Question 30

When might an antigen sequence be manipulated?

Answer 30

In a vaccine design

Question 31

What do CDRs determine?

Answer 31

The specificity and affinity of an antibody for an antigen

Question 32

What do TCR bind instead of antigens?

Answer 32

Peptides

Question 33

What do TCR recognise?

Answer 33

Short peptide fragments bound to MHC molecules on other cells

Question 34

What is the structure of TCRs?

Answer 34

They are made up of alpha and beta chains which form a heterodimer

Question 35

What do the V domains of TCR interact with?

Answer 35

Peptide bound to MHC molecules

Question 36

When were MHC molecules first identified?

Answer 36

In transplant rejection

Question 37

Where are MHC I molecules expressed?

Answer 37

In nearly all cell types in the body

Question 38

Where are MHC class II molecules expressed?

Answer 38

Restricted to specialised groups

Question 39

Where are MHC class I molecules expressed?

Answer 39

On all nucleated cells

Question 40

What are the 3 different MHC class I molecules?

Answer 40

HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C

Question 41

What is the MW of the alpha chain in an MHC class I molecule ?

Answer 41

43kD

Question 42

What is the MW of the beta-1 microglobulin chain on the MHC CLASS I molecule?

Answer 42

12kD

Question 43

What do the alpha and beta domains fold to make on an MHC class I molecule?

Answer 43

Beta sheet - peptide binding site (groove, cleft)

Question 44

What is the DNA encoding alpha 1 and 2 on MHC class I moelcules like?

Answer 44

Polymorphic

Question 45

What is the alpha 2 chain and Beta2 domain like on MHC I MOLECULES?

Answer 45

Fold into Ig-like domains

Question 46

What are the three types of MHC class II molecules?

Answer 46

HLA-DQ, HLA-DP, HLA-DR

Question 47

What are the alphabeta chain domains expressed on in MHC CLASS II?

Answer 47

APC