Lecture 1

Question 1

Dev. Bio is the merging of Two sciences, which are

Answer 1

Embryology and Genetics

Question 2

Study of the origin and development of an organism from a fertilized egg to the period resembling an adult form

Answer 2

Embryology

Question 3

The embryonic period ends at _____

Answer 3

Metamorphosis, hatching, or birth

Question 4

Embryology is the foundation of modern sciences like:

Answer 4

pathology, genetics, evolution, histology, immunology, physiology, cellular biology, and ecology.

Question 5

abnormal proliferation of cells
(tumors)

Answer 5

Neoplastic growth

Question 6

the regrowth of body parts from pieces of organism

Answer 6

Regeneration

Question 7

repair of tissue at levels of complexity ranging from the molecular to the organismal level

Answer 7

Tissue repair

Question 8

Accounts on the processes of development which transformed a single cell zygote to a multicellular organism

Answer 8

Descriptive embryology

Question 9

Analysis of similarities and differences in the development of different vertebrate groups

Answer 9

Comparative embryology

Question 10

First known study of Comparative Developmental Anatomy was undertaken by

Answer 10

Aristotle in 4th century BCE

Question 11

What did aristotle noted?

Answer 11

The difference ways that animals are born

Question 12

Different ways of birth

Answer 12

1. Oviparity
2. Viviparity
3. Ovoviviparity

Question 13

in which the entire egg is divided into smaller cells) – ex. frogs and mammals.

Answer 13

Holoblastic cleavage pattern

Question 14

is a type of incomplete cell division that occurs during early embryonic development in species with yolk rich eggs

Answer 14

Meroblastic cleavage pattern

Question 15

Testing a hypothesis and manipulating the embryo by experiments

Answer 15

Experimental embryology

Question 16

the pioneers of experimental embryology

Answer 16

Wilhem Roux

Question 17

germ cells of each organism contain preformed miniature adults that unfold during development

Answer 17

Preformation

Question 18

the embryo forms by successive gradual exchanges in an amorphous zygote.

Answer 18

Epigenesis

Question 19

the factors responsible for the differentiation of an egg or part of an egg lie in the part itself

Answer 19

Self-differentiation

Question 20

the specific development is driven essentially by external conditions.

Answer 20

Dependent Differentiation

Question 21

Arose from the rapid growth of research related to problems of conception and contraception

Answer 21

Reproductive biology

Question 22

Chemical and physical events in development
- Interaction of factors affecting development

Answer 22

Chemical Embryology

Question 23

• Study of birth defects.
• Deals with abnormalities and malformations in development due to genetic events and exogenous factors

Answer 23

Teratology

Question 24

A condition in which the long bones of the limbs are either absent or severely deficient.

Answer 24

Phacomelia

Question 25

Two school of thoughts in Dev Bio

Answer 25

1. Spermist 2. Ovist

Question 26

the sperm contained the new individual in miniature and is merely nourished in the ovum

Answer 26

Spermist

Question 27

argued that the ovum contained a minute body which was stimulated to grow by the seminal fluid.

Answer 27

Ovist

Question 28

strengthened the ovists’ cause when he discovered that some of the eggs of insects can develop parthenogenetically.

Answer 28

Charles Bonnet

Question 29

reproductive strategy that involves development of a female (rarely male) gamete without fertilization.

Answer 29

Parthogenesis

Question 30

* Founder of Modern Reproductive Biology * Described the ovarian follicles * First to describe the Fallopian tubes

Answer 30

Reiner De Graaf

Question 31

- An Italian priest, physiologist, and natural scientist. - Demonstrated that in normal circumstances, both female and male sex products are necessary for the initiation of development

Answer 31

Lazzaro Spallanzani

Question 32

What did Spallanzani disprove?

Answer 32

Spontaneous generation

Question 33

- Considered as the Father of Modern Pathology and Physiopathology - Accurately described development of the chick in its egg

Answer 33

Marcello Malpighi

Question 34

- Developed the science of comparative embryology - Existence of germ layers in embryos

Answer 34

Karl Ernst Von Baer

Question 35

- Proposed that embryonic development occurs through progressive remodeling and growth. - Supported the theory of epigenesis

Answer 35

Caspar Friedrich

Question 36

What did Friedrich Formulated?

Answer 36

Theory of Epigenesis

Question 37

* German biologist * Observed sea urchin’s egg fertilization and cleavage

Answer 37

August Weissman

Question 38

vehicle for protecting and perpetuating germplasm

Answer 38

Somatic cells

Question 39

important for perpetuation of the species; where offspring inherit their characteristics

Answer 39

Germ Cells

Question 40

a partial second embryo can be induced by grafting a small region of a new embryo onto a new site on another embryo

Answer 40

Transplantation Experiment

Question 41

dorsal lip of the blastopore - responsible for controlling the organization of a complete embryonic body

Answer 41

Organizer or Evocator

Question 42

* Danish biologist * Distinguished between genotype and phenotype

Answer 42

Wilhem Johannsen

Question 43

Development of frog is based on Mosaic mechanism.

Answer 43

Wilhem Roux

Question 44

worked on mutant genes of mouse and Drosophila: Integrated genetics and embryology (Developmental genetics)

Answer 44

Gluecksohn and Waddington (1930)

Question 45

Leads to terms totipotent cell and pluripotent cell

Answer 45

Hans Adolf Eduard Driesch

Question 46

ability of embryo to develop normally even if some cells are removed or rearranged.

Answer 46

Regulative development