Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

3 BIO109 - Dev Bio > Lecture 6 > Flashcards

Lecture 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Two types of gametes

A
  1. Ova (♀)
  2. Spermatozoa (♂)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Types of gametogenesis

A
  • Spematogenesis
  • Oogenesis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Phase of gametogenesis

A
  1. Origin of germ cell, migration to gonads
  2. Multiples of germ cells (mitosis)
  3. Reduction of the number of chromosmes by one half (meisosis)
  4. Final stages of maturation and differentiation.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where can germplasm found in frogs and vertebrates

A
  • in the vegetal pole cytoplasm of the zygote
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Effect of UVR in germplasm

A

results in the development of an embryo lacking in germ cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

can be traced through cleavage (in cells near the vegetal pole) and into the endodermal floor of the primitive gut.

A

Germ-cell lineage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

arise in the epiblast of early embryo

A

Primordial germ cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where can germinal cresent in bird be found

A
  • region located beyond head of the embryo
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

where can posterior wall of the egg yoc sack in mammals be found?

A
  • Near tehe region of the allantois
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where is the origin of germ cells in Urodele amphibian arises?

A

From embryonic mesoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Recognizable due to large size and clear cytoplasm

A

PGC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Histochemical characteristics of PGC in mammals, and birds?

A
  • high alkaline phosphatase activity (mammals)
  • high glycogen content (birds)
  • monoclonal Antibodies (birds & mammals)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Two mechanisms in vertebrates where PGC migrats to gonads

A
  1. Through walls of blood vessels
  2. Around the wall of posterior gut and through dorsal mesentry
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the extraceulluar matrix molecules that guide PGC migration

A
  • Laminin and fibronectin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Once settled in the gonads, PGC enter _____

  • increase their number by mitosis
A

Proliferative phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

When does intense mitotic activity of oogonia occur in human females, and how many are formed?

A

Between the 2nd–5th months of pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What happens to the number of oogonia after the 5th month in human females?

A

Atresia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

a natural process of degeneration.

A

Atresia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What happens to oogonia by 7th month?

A

Enteres prophase of 1st meiotic division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How is oogenesis different in nonmammalian vertebrates compared to humans?

A

oogonia are capable of dividing throughout the reproductive cycle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What happens to mitosis in rodents during early development?

A

continues in the gonad, but ceases during early days of pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How does mitosis function in human males starting from puberty?

A

in humans, it begins at puberty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Reproductive role of human male

A

produce and deliver sperm to the vagina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

produce a fluid called
semen for carrying the sperm to the penis

A

Accessory glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What does accessory glands produce?
Sperm
26
The testes produce sperm and the male sex hormone, testosterone.
Human male testis
27
Reproductive role of human female
- Produce eggs - Nourish, carry and protect developing embryo
28
What consists the human female reproductive system?
- Two ovaries - Two uterine tubes - The uterus and vagina - External genitalia
29
Process of spermatogenesis
1. Mitosis (Spermatogonia division) 2. Meisosis I 3. Meiosis II 4. Spermiogenesis
30
(stem cells) that undergo mitotic division to produce more spermatogonia. - Some of these cells differentiate into primary spermatocytes, which enter meiosis.
- Spermatogonia
31
What is the result of Meiosis one in Spermatogenesis
Secondary spermtocytes
32
What is produced in Meiosis II of spermtogenesis
Spermatids
33
Three distinct pieces of Mature sperm
- Head - Mid-piece - Tail
34
specialized structure located at the tip of the sperm head.
acrosome
35
Steps in oogenesis
Oogonium -> primary oocyte -> secondary oocyte -> Ovulation (sperm entry) - > Meiosis -> Fertilized egg
36
The nutrition source of Sperma vs Oogene
- Sertoli cells (Sperma) - Large quantities of materials produced by liver (Oogene)
37
Coordinates the hormones for human reproduction
- Hypothalamus - Anterior pituitary - Gonads
38
The hormone secreted by Hypothalamus
- GnRN (Gonadotropin-release hormone)
39
What does GnRH do?
Directs the release of LSH and LH in anterior pituitary
40
What hormone does anterior pituitary release?
FSH LH
41
regulate processes in the gonads and the production of sex hormones
FSH and LH
42
regulate processes in the gonads and the production of sex hormones
FSH and LH
43
The main sex hormones
Steroid hormones
44
the main androgen
Testosterone
45
Estrogens is main consists of:
- Estradiol - Progesterone
46
Functions of Sex Hormones
- Gamete production - Sexual behaviour - Development of primary and secondary characteristics
47
promotes the activity of Sertoli cells, which nourish developing sperm
FSH
48
regulates Leydig cells, which secrete testosterone and other androgens, which in turn promote spermatogenesis
LH
49
secrete the hormone inhibin, which reduces FSH secretion from the anterior pituitary
Sertoli cells
50
hormone that reduces FSH secretion
Inhibin
51
Prior to ovulation what thickens and why?
Endometrium blood vessels, to prepare for embryo implantation
52
What happens when embryo is not implanted in endometrium?
It sheds
53
The process of endometrium shed process
Menstruation
54
Defines the uterine cycle?
Changes in uterus
55
What defines the ovarian cycle?
Changes in ovaries
56
Characterize the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle
Follicle growth and increase of hormone estradiol
57
What happens after follicular phase ends at ovulation
Secondary oocyte
58
Steps in Ovarian cycle
Primary oocyte (within follicle) -> growing follicle -> mature follicle -> Ovulation -> (Secondary oocyte is released) -> Corpus luteum -> Degenerating corpus luteum
59
swelling of the endometrial cells in response to hormone stimulation results in a disorder
Endomtetriosis
60
After about 500 cycles, human females undergo this process - the cessation of ovulation and menstruation
Menopause

3 BIO109 - Dev Bio (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions