Lecture 1 Flashcards
1
Q
Why study development?
A
- Understand what children are capable of
2. To inform Social Policy
2
Q
2 Categories of development
A
- Areas (moral vs math)
2. Periods (infancy vs adulthood)
3
Q
6 areas of development
A
- Social
- Perceptual
- Action
- Cognitive
- Emotional
- Moral
4
Q
6 development periods
A
- Prenatal
- Infancy (0-18months)
- Preschool (-4yrs)
- School age (-12yrs)
- Adolescence (-20yrs)
- Adulthood (-30/-60/60+)
5
Q
2 types of changes
A
- Quantitative
2. Qualitative
6
Q
Different perspectives on development (6)
A
- Evolutionary
- Cross-cultural
- Neuroscience
- Behaviourist
- Psychoanalytic
- Cognitive science
7
Q
Ontogeny and phylogeny
A
the development of an organism (ontogeny) expresses all the intermediate forms of its ancestors throughout evolution (phylogeny).
8
Q
Ethology
A
Ethology is the scientific and objective study of animal behaviour
9
Q
4 ways of studying development
A
- Observations
- Experiments
- Longitudinal studies
- Cross-sectional studies
10
Q
Brain most plastic at age…?
A
0-3yrs
11
Q
Synaptic pruning at age…?
A
10yrs
12
Q
Relevance of experience before age of 10
A
Experience creates new synaptic connections and can account for 25% difference in the number of synapses after pruning
13
Q
Genes
A
Genes – Inherited – Made of DNA - DNA is found inside chromosomes – Instructions for building proteins – Variations to genes = alleles – Dominant versus recessive; - homozygous versus heterozygous
14
Q
Environment
A
- Hormones
- Substances consumed by mother
- Mother’s health
- Late gestation
15
Q
Gene / Environment interaction
A
- Environment influences how and whether genetic information is expressed
