Lecture 4 Flashcards
Social vs Emotional Development
Social Development = Process of learning self-expression and how to interact with others
Emotional Development = the process of learning to recognise and express feelings and establish a unique personal identity
Pointing emerges around ___ months
12
Ways of studying infants social development
- Eyes
- Joint attention
- Pointing
- Gaze following
- Social referencing
- Self-recognition
- Theory of mind
Walden & Ogan (1988)
- Visual cliff
- Infants tend to look toward their parents in ambiguous situations (social referencing)
Theory of Mind
Ability to attribute mental states—beliefs, intents, desires, pretending, knowledge, etc.—to oneself, and to others, and to understand that others have beliefs, desires, intentions, and perspectives that are different from one’s own.
Steps in ToM development
- Imitation
- Understanding attention in others
- 7-9 months
- pointing - Understanding others knowledge
- 3-4yr olds
- Hider/Knower/Guesser - Understanding others beliefs
- 3 yr olds
- False beliefs tasks - Understanding others intentions
- Meltzoff = infants able to tell that E was trying to pull 2 objects apart
Onishi & Baillargeon (2005)
Children’s looking behaviours suggest that they have an implicit understanding of false belief before they can answer verbal questions - perhaps as early as 15months
Understanding 2nd order false beliefs develops at ____?
5yrs old
Understanding that you can’t predict how others will interpret ambiguous situations by age ___?
8
Children’s abilities at varies ages
- 6 months of age: Animate Vs inanimate
- 12 months: Joint attention
- 14-18 months: Senses direction of another’s gaze.
- 18-24 months: Pretense (Decoupling of reality)
- 3-4 years: False beliefs in others
- 6-7 years: Jokes, Metaphors, Irony
- 9-11 years: ‘faux pas’
Edinburgh Social Cognition Test (ESCoT)
- 10 Dynamic animated scenarios that are all self-contained narratives that depict an array of interactions
- Assesses:
1. Cognitive ToM (thoughts)
2. Affective ToM (feelings)
3. Understanding social norms
Baron-Cohen (2001)
-Eye test to recognise various mental states e.g. desire
However:
- Limited choice of options
- Unlimited time to study faces
Feelings vs Emotions
Emotions = come from within individual - may be motivated by external events
Feelings = Sensing/being aware of an emotional state
Erikson thought that the ____ year is when infants learn to trust or mistrust the world
1st year
Attachments are not usually formed until age of ___?
2
