Lecture 1 Flashcards
(33 cards)
What things is geology commonly associated with?
Rocks and minerals, oil and gas, maps.
Why do geologists associate geology with maps?
Because no geological study can start without them-they hold the key to the beginning of geology.
What was the first map a map of?
The afterlife-shows how the soul passes through different regions
What is the Papyrus?
Map of an area between the Nile and the dead sea-written during the reign of Ramesses the 4th. Showed entrances to gold mines, areas of sandstone that were mined, differences between igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rock
Who was the greatest Pharoh of Egypt?
Ramesses the 2nd.
What is the ancient root of science?
Astronomical observations-detailed charts of the night sky, solar calendars, moon calendars.
Who were some of the first to use astronomical knowledge and navigational skills to reach distant land marks?
The Polynesians in their colonization of the Pacific Islands.
Why was it so important that the Polynesians be error free in their transport of cargo?
Because they were not rich (like egypt).
What does the Sacara Pyramid tell us about the ancient Egyptians?
That they had mathematical and advanced geological knowledge, as every block of sandstone was the same from the base to the top.
What was Greek Rationalism?
An attempt to provide rational explanations of the astronomical objects and their movements without supernatural causes-used models of nature.
What are the models of nature?
Used to understand, explain, and predict natural reality (philosophers).
What are some of the findings of the Greeks? Are these findings central to Greece?
1st map of world, experiments, the emergence of life from inorganic substances, heliocentrism. No, they weren’t, but the Greeks kept good records.
What is the Machinery of Antikythera?
Machine that consists of 30+ gears, had markings used for navigation, mounted on ship heading to Rome in 100 AD.
Who came up with the Geocentric model of the Universe?
Ptolemy
Who discovered that the Earth is not flat?
Eratosthenes-calculated the radius of the Earth.
What was the geocentric model used for?
Navigation, as it was easier than the heliocentric model.
What did we believe the moon was in the geocentric model?
An entirely different world from earth.
What happened to Europe in the year 630?
Fell to the dark ages (till 1190). Period of no science, religion prevailed. ONLY happened in Europe
During the dark ages, where was science transferred?
To the Arabs
What kinds of science did the Arabs discover?
Astronomy, mathematics, medicine.
What happened to lead to the Renaissance?
Jerusalem came out of Europes control in 1180 (reign of Saladin). Major advances in science, Europe realized that religion was catastrophic.
Who was Copernicus and what did he discover? (Renaissance-1543)
Discovered heliocentrism-published a book about the rotation of celestial bodies, concluding that the sun is the centre of the solar system and moon rotates around Earth.
Why did Copernicus set his book to be published AFTER death?
Due to repercussions from the religious community.
Who was Galileo and what did he discover? (Renaissance-1610)
Used his primitive telescope to discover the mood had mountains, craters etc. Discovered Saturns rings, Jupiters satellites (Io, Callisto, Europa, Ganymede). Architecture of the universe was challenged.
