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Flashcards in Lecture 2 Deck (31)
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1
Q

How do we investigate natural reality?

A

The trial and error method

2
Q

How is data obtained with the scientific approach?

A

Through laboratory experiments, direct observations, and interpretations based on verifiable data.

3
Q

What happens before something is published?

A

Data is checked and peer reviewed

4
Q

What happens if a hypothesis is re-checked and withstands criticism?

A

It can turn into a theory

5
Q

What is a theory using scientific language?

A

Associated with demonstrated facts and ideas. Remains true until proven wrong or insufficient to accommodate additional observational data

6
Q

What is a paradigm?

A

What a theory can be transformed into if it holds up. A set of rules about how we govern ourselves in science.

7
Q

What is something scientists cannot do?

A

Create miracles. Scientists do not create reality, they observe it.

8
Q

What is “theory” associated with in common language?

A

Whether something is true or not.

9
Q

How many words are specific to palaeontology?

A

11 000 plus.

10
Q

Is religion absolute or relative?

A

Absolute. Doesn’t change much through time, based on Dogma.

11
Q

Is art absolute or relative?

A

Dual. Absolute in that the artist creates the work of art, relative in what the public makes of the work of art

12
Q

Is law absolute or relative?

A

Absolute on limited periods of time (has changed in certain time periods, but remains around a central idea)

13
Q

Is science relative or absolute?

A

Relative-changes through time and in the domains of applicability.

14
Q

What are 2 examples of science being relative?

A

Lightspeed. Other galaxies are actually moving faster than lightspeed. Also Newtons theory of gravity, as gravity works differently on other planets

15
Q

Is philosophy relative or absolute?

A

Entirely relative-multiple datasources, info can come from everything. Is detrimental to science.

16
Q

What are some characteristics of science?

A

All data can be tested, has a potentially unlimited field of study and research, no directionality in science-make research on a particular phenomena, don’t seek to prove something

17
Q

What is a pseudoscience?

A

Method of understanding science that does not fulfill all requirements of science (example is intelligent design-accepts a limit whereas science does not).

18
Q

What is geology?

A

The study of the earth-focus is on our planets composition, processes that happen at it’s interior or at it’s surface, and it’s changes and evolution through time.

19
Q

What is physical geology?

A

Studied from the 10000 years ago— present day (change)

20
Q

What is historical geology?

A

Looks at the earth since the start of time (evolution)

21
Q

What is crystallography?

A

Principles of crystal (mineral) architecture. Doesn’t dea with matter, is essentially descriptive geometry (edges and plains)

22
Q

What is mineralogy?

A

Combines crystallography with the matter. Composition, architecture occurrence, and physical properties of minerals.

23
Q

What is petrology?

A

Study of igneous (molten), sedimentary (particles of other rocks), and metamorphic (remains solid with pressure), rocks.

24
Q

What is sedimentology?

A

Study of the sediments and their deposition.

25
Q

What is palaeontology?

A

The study of fossils

26
Q

What is stratigraphy?

A

Study of successions of layers and bodies of rocks

27
Q

What is structural geology?

A

Study of rock response to applied force

28
Q

What is geochemistry?

A

The study of the chemical composition of the Earth and chemical reactions in the natural environment-surface and or subsurface.

29
Q

What is geochronology?

A

Study of geological time in absolute values

30
Q

What is tectonics?

A

Study of regional geological features

31
Q

What is geophysics?

A

Physical characteristics of the Earth and compounding layers or bodies of rocks, surfaces, subsurface fluids etc.