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Anatomy and Physiology > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

(75 cards)

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1
Q

The study of the structure of body parts and their relationships to one another

A

Anatomy

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2
Q

Three types of anatomy

A

Gross or macroscopic
Microscopic
Developmental

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3
Q

The study of the function of the body’s structural machinery

A

Physiology

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4
Q

All structures in one part of the body (such as the abdomen or leg)

A

Regional

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5
Q

Gross anatomy of the body studied by system

A

Systemic

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6
Q

Study of internal structures as they relate to the overlying skin

A

Surface

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7
Q

Three types or gross anatomy

A

Regional
Systemic
Surface

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8
Q

Two types of microscopic anatomy

A

Cytology

Histology

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9
Q

Study of the cell

A

Cytology

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10
Q

Study of tissues

A

Histology

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11
Q

Traces structural changes throughout life

A

Developmental anatomy

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12
Q

The study of developmental changes of the body before birth

A

Embryology

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13
Q

Considers the operation of specific organ systems

A

Physiology

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14
Q

Focuses on the functions of the body, often at the cellular or molecular level

A

Physiology

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15
Q

Kidney function

A

Renal

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16
Q

Workings of the nervous system

A

Neurophysiology

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17
Q

Operation of the heart and blood vessels

A

Cardiovascular

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18
Q

Principle of Complementary

A

Structure dictates function

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19
Q

Levels of structural organization

A 
Chemical
Cellular
Tissue
Organ
Organ System
Organism
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20
Q

Atoms combines to form molecules

A

Chemical

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21
Q

Cells are made of nucleus

A

Cellular

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22
Q

Consists of similar types of cells

A

Tissue

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23
Q

Made up of different types of tissues

A

Organ

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24
Q

Consists of different organs that work closely together

A

Organ System

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25
Made up of organ systems
Organismal
26
Organ Systems
``` Integumentary Skeletal Muscular Nervous Endocrine Cardiovascular Lymphatic Respiratory Digestive Urinary Reproductive ```
27
Necessary life functions
``` Maintenance of boundaries Movement Responsiveness Digestion Metabolism Excretion Reproduction Growth ```
28
Survival Needs
``` Nutrients Oxygen Water Normal Body Temperature Atmospheric Pressure ```
29
Ability to maintain a relative stable internal environment in an ever-changing outside world
Homeostasis
30
The internal environment of the body is in
A dynamic state of equilibrium
31
Factors that interact to maintain homeostasis
Chemical Thermal Neural
32
Involve continuous monitoring and regulation of many factors (variables)
Homeostatic Control Mechanisms
33
Accomplish the communication via nerve impulses and hormones
Nervous System | Endocrine System
34
Components of a Control Mechanism
Receptor Control Center Effector
35
Monitors the environment
Receptor
36
Determines the set point at which the variable is maintained
Control Center
37
Receives output from control center
Effector
38
Control Mechanism
``` Input Receptor Stimulus Output Response ```
39
The response reduces or shuts off the original stimulus
Negative Feedback
40
A nervous mechanism
Regulation of body temperature
41
An endocrine mechanism
Regulation of blood volume by ADH
42
The response enhances or exaggerates the original stimulus
Positive Feedback
43
May exhibit a cascade or amplifying effect
Positive Feedback
44
Infrequent events usually controlled by positive feedback
Enhancement of labor contractions by oxytocin | Platelet plug formation and blood clotting
45
Disturbance of Homeostasis
Homeostatic Imbalance
46
Disturbance of homeostasis results to:
Increase risk of disease Contributes to changes associated with aging May allow destructive positive feedback mechanisms to take over
47
Anatomical Position
BSFT
48
Toward the head or upper part
Superior (Cranial)
49
Toward the lower part
Inferior (caudal)
50
Toward or at the front of the body
Ventral (anterior)
51
Toward or at the back of the body
Dorsal (posterior)
52
Toward or at the midline of the body
Medial
53
Away from the midline of the body
Lateral
54
Between a more medial and a more lateral structure
Intermediate
55
Closer to the original of the body part
Proximal
56
Farther from the origin of the body part
Distal
57
Toward or at the body surface
Superficial (external)
58
Away from the body surface
Deep (internal)
59
Main part of the body: | Head, neck, and trunk
Axial
60
Limbs attached to axis
Appendicular
61
Types of Planes
Sagittal Frontal Transverse Oblique
62
Divides into right/left
Sagittal Plane
63
Divides into anterior/posterior
Frontal Plane
64
Divides into superior/inferior
Transverse Plane
65
Body Cavities
Dorsal body cavity | Ventral body cavity
66
Dorsal body cavity:
Cranial cavity | Spinal cavity
67
Ventral body cavity:
Thoracic | Abdominopelvic
68
Thoracic:
Lungs Heart Trachea Esophagus
69
Abdominopelvic:
Digestive Reproductive Urinary
70
Lines ventral body cavity and outer surfaces of organs
Serosa
71
Lines cavity wall
Parietal serosa
72
Folds in | Covers organs in cavity
Visceral serosa
73
Lubricates space between membranes
Serous fluid
74
Abdominopelvic Quadrants
RUQ LUQ RLQ LLQ
75
Abdominopelvic Regions
``` Right hypochondriac Epigastric Left hypochondriac Right lumbar Umbilical Left lumbar Right iliac Hypogastric Left iliac ```

Anatomy and Physiology (15 decks)

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