Lecture 7c

Question 1

Nervous tissue composition:

Answer 1

Neurons true conducting cells

Neuroglial (supporting) cells

Question 2

Examples of neuroglial cells:

Answer 2

Astrocytes
Oligodendrocytes
Microglia
Ependymal
Schwann cells
Satellite cells

Question 3

Properties of Neurons:

Answer 3

Excitability
Conductivity
Secretion

Question 4

Functional classification of neurons:

Based on the direction of conduction

Answer 4

Sensory
Motor
Interneuron

Question 5

Specialized to detect stimuli and transmit information to CNS

Answer 5

Sensory (afferent) neuron

Question 6

Receive signals from many different neurons and perform an integrative function “decision making” to respond to the different stimuli

Answer 6

Interneuron (association neurons)

Question 7

Transmit the appropriate response from the interneuron to an end organ to carry out body’s response to the stimuli

Answer 7

Motor (efferent) neurons

Question 8

Parts of a Neuron

Answer 8

Nucleus (with nucleolus)
Neuroglial cells
Cell body
Axon
Dendrites

Question 9

Conducts impulses towards the cell body
Numerous, short, branched, and unmyelinated
Contain neurofibrils

Answer 9

Dendrites

Question 10

Conduct impulses away from the cell body

Single, long, thin cylindrical, and may be myelinated

Answer 10

Axons

Question 11

Axons ariaes at

Answer 11

Axon hillock

Question 12

Impulses arise from

Answer 12

Initial segment (trigger zone)

Question 13

Axons end in fine processes called

Answer 13

Axon terminals

Question 14

Swollen tips of axons

Answer 14

Synaptic end bulbs

Question 15

Synaptic end bulbs contain

Answer 15

Vesicles with neurotransmitters

Question 16

Location for most protein synthesis

Answer 16

Cell body

Question 17

Moves substances

Answer 17

Axonal transport system

Question 18

Two types of axonal transport system

Answer 18

Slow axonal

Fast axonal

Question 19

Move in one direction only - away from the cell body = anterograde
Movement at 1-5 mm per day

Answer 19

Slow axonal

Question 20

Moves organelles and materials along surface of microtubules
Movement at 200-400mm per day
Transport in either direction
For use or recycling in cell body

Answer 20

Fast axonal

Question 21

Structural classification of neurons:

Answer 21

Multipolar
Bipolar
Unipolar

Question 22

Most (99%) neurons in the body are

Answer 22

Multipolar

Question 23

Rare and occur in special sense organs of ear, nose, and eye

Answer 23

Bipolar neurons

Question 24

Begin as bipolar but processes fuse into one

They are primarily sensor neurons

Answer 24

Unipolar neurons

Question 25

Found in CNS and PNS | Perform a supporting function for neurons

Answer 25

Neuroglia cells

Question 26

Neuroglia cells in the CNS:

Answer 26

Oligodendroglialcytes Astrocytes Ependymal cells Microglia

Question 27

Neuroglia cells in PNS:

Answer 27

Schwann cells | Satellite cells

Question 28

Half of the volume of the CNS Smaller cells than neutrons 50% more numerous

Answer 28

Neuroglial cells

Question 29

Surround neuron cell bodies within ganglia

Answer 29

Satellite cells - PNS

Question 30

Cells encircling PNS axons | Each cell produces part of the myelin sheath surrounding an axon (only 1) in the PNS

Answer 30

Schwann cell - PNS

Question 31

Separate each Schwann cell

Answer 31

Node of Ranvier

Question 32

Schwann cells myelinate axons in the PNS during fetal development

Answer 32

Myelination in PNS

Question 33

Form epithelial membrane lining cerebral cavities and central canal

Answer 33

Ependymal cells in CNS

Question 34

Ependymal cells produce

Answer 34

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

Question 35

Small cells found near blood vessels Phagocytic role Derived from cells that also gave rise to macrophages and monocytes

Answer 35

Microglia in CNS

Question 36

Star-shaped cells Most common glial cells Their processes extend into the basement membrane of capillaries and pia mater

Answer 36

Astrocytes in CNS

Question 37

Functions of the Astrocytes in CNS:

Answer 37

Form blood-brain barrier Metabolize neurotransmitters Regulate K+ balance Procude nutrients and structural support

Question 38

Form myelin sheath in CNS | Fewer branches than astrocytes

Answer 38

Oligodendrogliocytes - CNS

Question 39

Insulating layer around a nerve | Formed by oligodendrocytes in CNS and Schwann cells in PNS

Answer 39

Myelin

Question 40

Myelin is compose of:

Answer 40

Lipoprotein Phospholipids Glycolipids Cholesterol

Question 41

Process of myelin formation

Answer 41

Myelination