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Anatomy and Physiology > Lecture 2 > Flashcards

Lecture 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

All contain CHO

A

Organic Compounds

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2
Q

Types of Organic Compounds

A 
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
ATP
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3
Q

Chainlike molecules made of repeating units called monomers

A

Polymer

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4
Q

Organic molecules are made by

A

Dehydration Synthesis

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5
Q

Removal of OH from one monomer and removal of H from the other

A

Dehydration Synthesis

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6
Q

Polymers are broken down by

A

Hydrolysis

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7
Q

Monomers are released by the addition of a water molecule, adding OH to one monomer and H to the other

A

Hydrolysis

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8
Q

Contains CHO in 1:2:1 ratio

A

Carbohydrates

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9
Q

Function of carbohydrates

A

Main fuel for cells

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10
Q

Types of Carbohydrates

A

Monosaccharides
Disaccharides
Polysaccharides

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11
Q

Simple sugars

A

Monosaccharides

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12
Q

Examples of simple sugars

A

Glucose
Galactose
Fructose
Deoxyribose

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13
Q

Double sugars

A

Disaccharides

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14
Q

Examples of double sugars

A

Sucrose
Lactose
Maltose

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15
Q

Polymer (many sugars linked)

A

Polysaccharides

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16
Q

Storage carb in plants

A

Starch

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17
Q

Storage carb in animal tissues

A

Glycogen

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18
Q

Contains CHO (much more CH than O)

A

Lipids

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19
Q

Functions of Lipids

A

Store energy
Cell membranes
Hormones

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20
Q

Types of lipids:

A

Triglycerides
Phospholipids
Steroids
Eicosanoids

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21
Q

Fatty acid + glycerol

A

Triglycerides

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22
Q

Examples of triglycerides

A

Oils

Fats

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23
Q

Types of fats:

A

Saturated
Unsaturated
Trans
Omega-3

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24
Q

Lipid bilayer in cell membranes

A

Phospholipids

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25
Examples of steroids
Cholesterol | Hormones
26
Prostaglandins
Eicosanoids
27
Examples of prostaglandins:
Blood clotting Blood pressure Inflammation Labor
28
Three fatty acid chains are bound to glycerol bu dehydration synthesis
Triglyceride Formation
29
Two fatty acid chains and a phosphorus-containing group are attched to the glycerol backbone
Phospholipid Molecule
30
Form interlocking hydrocarbon rings
Steroid Structure
31
Good Fats
Polyunsaturates | Monounsaturates
32
Bad Fats
Saturated | Trans
33
Contains CHON (+ some SP)
Proteins
34
Monomer protein
Amino acid
35
Monomer protein
Amino acid
36
Functions of Proteins:
``` Enzymes Hormones Transport Immunity Movement Support ```
37
Enzymes
Lactase
38
Hormones
Insulin
39
Transport
Hemoglobin
40
Immunity
Antibodies
41
Movement
Muscles
42
Support
Collagen
43
Structural Levels of Proteins
Primary Secondary Tertiary Quaternary
44
Amino acid sequence Forms polypeptide 20 different amino acids
Primary
45
Amino acids are linked by
Peptide Bonds
46
Hydrogen bonds make spirals and sheets
Secondary
47
Spirals
Alpha-helix
48
Sheets
Beta-pleated sheet
49
More folding to produce globular (compact, ball-like) molecule
Tertiary
50
2+polypeptides
Quaternary
51
Two types of proteins
Fibrous | Globular
52
Structural
Fibrous Proteins
53
Examples of fibrous proteins
Collagen | Keratin
54
Functional
Globular Proteins
55
Examples of Globular Proteins
Antibodies | Enzymes
56
Proteins unfolds and loses 3D shape
Protein Denaturation
57
Causes of protein denaturation
Decrease in pH | Increase in Temperature
58
Change in structure results to
Change in function
59
Contains CHONP
Nucleic Acids
60
Monomer nucleic acid
Nucleotide
61
Components of a nucleotide
Sugar Phosphate Nitrogen Base
62
Function of nucleic acids
Store hereditary information
63
Types of nucleic acids
DNA | RNA
64
``` Instructions for building proteins Double stranded (double helix) ```
DNA
65
Sugar DNA
Deoxyribose
66
Bases of DNA
A G C T
67
Complimentary
A - T | G - C
68
Carry info from DNA to ribosomes | Single-stranded
RNA
69
Sugar RNA
Ribose
70
Bases of RNA
A G C U
71
Types of RNA
mRNA tRNA rRNA
72
Adenine base + ribose + 3 phosphates
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
73
Function of ATP
Main energy compound of cells
74
ATP =
ADP + Pi + energy
75
Speeds up chemical reactions, but not used up or changed
Biological Catalyst
76
Biological Catalyst lowers
Activation energy
77
What an enzyme acts on
Substrate
78
Where substrate binds (very specific shape to fit substrate)
Active site
79
Enzyme are proteins affected by
pH | Temperature

Anatomy and Physiology (15 decks)

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