Lecture 3 Part 3

Question 1

Between plasma membrane and nucleus

Answer 1

Cytoplasm

Question 2

Three elements of the cytoplasm:

Answer 2

Cytosol
Organelles
Inclusions

Question 3

Fluid (e.g. water, proteins, salts, sugats)

Answer 3

Cytosol

Question 4

Specific functions

Answer 4

Organelles

Question 5

Chemical substances that vary depending on cell type

Answer 5

Inclusions

Question 6

Examples of chemical substances:

Answer 6

Glycogen
Lipid droplets
Melanin

Question 7

Glycogen

Answer 7

Liver

Question 8

Lipid droplets

Answer 8

Fat cells

Question 9

Melanin

Answer 9

Skin and Hair

Question 10

The Matrix

Answer 10

Cytoplasm

Question 11

Little organs

Answer 11

Organelles

Question 12

Membrane-bound

Answer 12

Membranous

Question 13

Examples of membranous organelles:

Answer 13

Mitochondria
Peroxisomes
Lysosomes
ER
Golgi apparatus

Question 14

No membrane

Answer 14

Nonmembranous

Question 15

Examples of nonmembranous organelles:

Answer 15

Cytoskeleton
Centrioles
Ribosomes

Question 16

Scaffolding and Highways

Answer 16

Cytoskeleton

Question 17

Functions of cytoskeleton:

Answer 17

Maintains cell shape
Protects the cell
Enables some cell movement
Intra-cellular transport

Question 18

Network of protein fibers running throughout the cytoplasm that give a cell its shape and provide a basis for movement

Answer 18

Microfilaments
Intermediate Filaments
Microtubules

Question 19

Two intertwined strands of actin protein

Answer 19

Microfilaments

Question 20

Fibrous proteins supercoiled into thick cables

Answer 20

Intermediate Filaments

Question 21

Hollow tubes of tubulin

Answer 21

Microtubules

Question 22

Also called the microtubule organizing center

An area in the cell where microtubules are produced

Answer 22

Centrosomes

Question 23

Within the cells of animals

Made of nine sets of triplet microtubules

Answer 23

Centrioles

Question 24

Protein factory

Answer 24

Ribosomes

Question 25

Function of ribosomes

Answer 25

Make proteins

Question 26

Can be found alone in the cytoplasm

Answer 26

Ribosomes

Question 27

Free ribosomes

Answer 27

Polyribosomes

Question 28

Attached to the ER

Answer 28

Bound ribosomes

Question 29

Both house ATP | Both independent but formed symbiotic relationship with other cells

Answer 29

Mitochondria | Chloroplast

Question 30

The powerhouse of the cell

Answer 30

Mitochondria

Question 31

Functions of the mitochondria:

Answer 31

Energy formation | Breaks down food to make ATP

Question 32

Bound by a double membrane surrounding fluid-filled matrix

Answer 32

Mirochondria

Question 33

Functions of the mitochondria:

Answer 33

Produces energy Controls level of water and other materials in the cell Recycles and decomposes proteins, fats, and carbohydrates

Question 34

Bounded by two membranes enclosing a fluid-filled stroma that contains enzymes

Answer 34

Chloroplast

Question 35

Where membranes inside the stroma are organized

Answer 35

Thylakoids

Question 36

Green pigment that bsorbs solar energy and carbohydrates

Answer 36

Chlorophyll

Question 37

Have membranes that are made of a lipid bilayer, with proteins

Answer 37

Endomembrane system

Question 38

The endomembrane system is a system of organelles that work to:

Answer 38

Produce, store, export bio molecules Degrade harmful substances Divide the cell into compartments Transport system

Question 39

Inside the endomembrane system:

Answer 39

``` Nuclear envelope Rough ER Smooth ER Golgi apparatus Secretory vesicles Lysosomes ```

Question 40

Surrounds nucleus Made of two layers Opening allow material to enter and leave nucleus

Answer 40

Nuclear membrane

Question 41

Manufacturers

Answer 41

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 42

Function of the ER:

Answer 42

Internal production and delivery system of the cell

Question 43

System of membranous channels and saccules (a small sac)

Answer 43

ER

Question 44

Studded with ribosomes | Site of protein synthesis and processing

Answer 44

Rough ER

Question 45

Lacks ribosomes | Site of synthesis of phospholipids and packaging of proteins into vesicles

Answer 45

Smooth ER

Question 46

The shippers

Answer 46

Golgi apparatus

Question 47

Function of the golgi apparatus

Answer 47

Packages, modifies, and transports materials to different location inside/outside of the cell

Question 48

Appearance of the golgi apparatus:

Answer 48

Stack of pancakes

Question 49

Consists of a stack of curved saccules

Answer 49

Golgi apparatus

Question 50

Encloses digestive enzymes into membranes to form lysosomes

Answer 50

Golgi apparatus

Question 51

Protein packaging plant | Move materials within and out the cell

Answer 51

Golgi Bodies

Question 52

The Packages

Answer 52

Vesicles

Question 53

Functions of the vesicles:

Answer 53

Store, transport, or digest cellular products and waste

Question 54

Small compartments separated from the cytosol by atleast pne lipid bilayer

Answer 54

Vesicles

Question 55

Made in golgi apparatus, ER, or from parts of the plasma membrane Form while taking in or discharging materials

Answer 55

Vesicles

Question 56

Clean-up crew

Answer 56

Lysosome

Question 57

Function of the lysosome:

Answer 57

Breakdown food into particles the rest of the cell can use and to destroy old cells

Question 58

Contain hydrolytic enzymes and are involved in intracellular digestion

Answer 58

Lysosome

Question 59

Outer membrane of the cell that controls movement in and out of the cell Double layer

Answer 59

Plasma Membrane