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Z A&P I Chapters 1-3 > Lecture #1 Chapter #1 > Flashcards

Lecture #1 Chapter #1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is anatomy?

A

A biological science

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2
Q

What does anatomy represent?

A

The study of body structures

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3
Q

What is the oldest medical science and when was it established?

A

Anatomy in 1600 BC

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4
Q

What are the three things that anatomy includes/studies?

A

Internal structures, external structures, and they’re interrelationships

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5
Q

What is gross anatomy?

A

Macroscopic anatomy, examines large visible structures

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6
Q

What does the prefix macro mean?

A

Visible or large

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7
Q

What are the 4 types of anatomy?

A

Surface, regional, systemic, and developmental

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8
Q

What does surface anatomy study?

A

Exterior features

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9
Q

What does regional anatomy study?

A

Body areas

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10
Q

What does systemic anatomy study?

A

Organ systems

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11
Q

What does developmental anatomy study?

A

The time from conception to death

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12
Q

What are organ systems?

A

When multiple structures and organs work together to carry out a function

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13
Q

What are the two major types of anatomy?

A

Macroscopic and microscopic anatomy

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14
Q

What does cyt mean?

A

Cell

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15
Q

What does microscopic anatomy examine?

A

Cells and molecules

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16
Q

What is histology?

A

The study of tissues and their structures

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17
Q

What is cytology?

A

The study of cells and their structures

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18
Q

What is physiology?

A

It is also a biological science like anatomy

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19
Q

What does physiology include?

A

The study of body function

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20
Q

Can anatomy and physiology be separated?

A

No they are linked together and are inseparable

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21
Q

What are the types of physiology specializations?

A

Cell, Organ, systemic, and pathophysiology

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22
Q

What is cell physiology?

A

The processes within and between cells

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23
Q

What is organ physiology?

A

Functions of specific organs And assessing organ function

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24
Q

What is systemic physiology?

A

Functions of an organ system

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25
Q

What is pathophysiology?

A

Effects of diseases

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26
Q

Why are anatomy and physiology inseparable?

A

Because function always reflects structure and what structure can do depends on its specific form

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27
Q

What are six things that are necessary to say something is alive?

A

Ingestion, digestion, absorption, metabolism, secretion, and excretion

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28
Q

What is ingestion?

A

Taking in a food

29
Q

What is digestion?

A

The breaking of food into nutrients

30
Q

What is absorption?

A

The moving of nutrients into the bloodstream

31
Q

What is metabolism?

A

They use of nutrients to extract energy and build cells and tissue.

It goes all the way down to a cellular level

32
Q

What is secretion?

A

The production and release of substances for a specific function

33
Q

What is excretion?

A

The removal of waste from the cell/tissues/body

34
Q

What are the five requirements of an organism?

A

Water, food, oxygen, heat, and pressure

35
Q

Why is heat required for an organism?

A

Because ideal temperature is necessary for bodily reactions to take place

36
Q

Why is pressure necessary for an organism?

A

Because the body is designed to operate under a specific pressure which is the atmospheric pressure and plays a strong role in breathing

37
Q

What is an organ system?

A

A group of organs working together

38
Q

What is an organism?

A

A collection of organ systems

39
Q

What are the five levels of complexity in a biological organization?

A

An organism, organ system, Oregon, tissue, cell, and (atom or molecule)

40
Q

What does an organ consist of and do?

A

Consists of multiple tissue types in performs major functions in the body

41
Q

What is a tissue?

A

A group of cells of similar type to perform a specific function in the body

42
Q

What are cells?

A

The fundamental subunit of living organisms

43
Q

How many organ systems are there?

A

11

44
Q

What are the functions of the organ systems? (DNIR)

A

Acquiring, processing, and distributing nutrients throughout the body and eliminating waste

Synthesizing basic biological molecules required for structure and function

Sensing in responding to changes in the environment

Protecting the body against injury or attack whether a large predator or a small infection

Reproduction in nourishment of offspring

45
Q

What are the structures of the integumentary system?

A

Skin, hair, nails, and sweat glands

46
Q

What are the 4 functions of the integumentary system?

A

Protects against the environment, helps regulate body temperature, provide sensory information, and prevent dehydration

47
Q

What are the structures of the skeletal system?

A

Bones, bone marrow, ligaments, and cartilage

48
Q

What are the three functions of the skeletal system?

A

Providing support and protection, storing calcium and other minerals, and forming blood cells

49
Q

What are the structures of the muscular system? (Name all types of muscle)

A

Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle along with tendons

50
Q

What are the three functions of the muscular system?

A

Providing movement, providing protection and support for other tissues, and generating heat that maintains body temperature

51
Q

What are the structures of the nervous system?

A

Brain, spinal cord, and the peripheral and sensory organs

52
Q

What are the three functions of the nervous system?

A

Directing responses to stimuli, coordinates in moderates the activities of other organ systems, and provides and interprets sensory information about external conditions

53
Q

What are the structures of the endocrine system?

A

Pituitary (brain), Hypothalamus (brain), Thyroid, adrenal, pancreas, and other hormone secreting glands

54
Q

What are the three functions of the endocrine system?

A

Directing long-term changes in the activities of other organ systems, adjusting metabolic activity and energy use, and controlling many structural and functional changes during development

55
Q

What are the structures of the circulatory system?

A

Heart, blood vessels, and blood

56
Q

What are the two functions of the circulatory system?

A

Distributing blood cells, water, and dissolved materials including nutrients, waste products, oxygen, and carbon dioxide; distributes heat in assists in control of body temperature

Can be thought of as a highway or a pumping system

57
Q

What structures make up the immune system?

A

Lymph nodes, Lymph ducts, the spleen, the thymus, telepathic vessels, and the tonsils

Lymph nodes can be thought of as guard checks

58
Q

What are the two functions of the immune system?

A

Defending against infection and disease, and returns tissue fluid to the bloodstream

59
Q

What structures are associated with the respiratory system?

A

Nasal cavities, sinuses, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, and alveoli

60
Q

What are the four functions of the respiratory system?

A

Delivering air to the alveoli, providing oxygen to the bloodstream, removing carbon dioxide from the bloodstream, and produces sounds for communication

61
Q

What are the structures of the digestive system?

A

Teeth, tongue, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas

62
Q

What are the four functions of the digestive system?

A

Processing and digesting food, absorbing and conserving water, absorbing nutrients, and storing energy reserves

63
Q

What are the structures of the excretory system?

A

Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra

64
Q

What are the four functions of the excretory system?

A

Excreting waste products from the blood, controlling water balance by regulating the volume of urine produced, Storing urine prior to voluntary elimination, and regulating blood ion concentrations and PH

65
Q

What structures make up the male reproductive system?

A

Testes, epididymis, ductus differentia, seminal vesicles, prostrate gland, penis, and scrotum

66
Q

What are the two functions of the male reproductive system?

A

Producing male sex cells called sperm and seminal fluids and hormones, and sexual intercourse

67
Q

What are the structures of the female reproductive system?

A

The ovaries, the uterine or fallopian tubes, the uterus, the vagina, the labia, the clitoris, and the mammary glands

68
Q

What are the four functions of the female reproductive system?

A

Producing female sex cells called osteocytes and hormones, supporting and develop an embryo from conception until delivery, providing milk to nurse newborn infants, and sexual intercourse

69
Q

What are the 11 organ systems?

A

The Integumentary system, the skeletal system, The muscular system, the nervous system, the endocrine system, the circulatory system, the immune system, the respiratory system, the digestive system, the excretory or the urinary system, and the reproductive system

Z A&P I Chapters 1-3 (7 decks)

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