Lecture #4 Chapter#2

Question 1

What is an organic compound?

Answer 1

Compounds that have carbon atoms covalently bonded to hydrogen

Question 2

What is a carbohydrate?

Answer 2

Molecules that consist primarily of carbon hydrogen and oxygen. Carbon plus a water molecule which is CH20 in that ratio.

Question 3

What is the function of carbohydrates?

Answer 3

They provide much of the energy that the cells require

Question 4

What are the building blocks of carbohydrates?

Answer 4

Monosaccharides

Question 5

What are the types of carbohydrates?

Answer 5

Monosaccharides, disaccharide, and polysaccharides

Question 6

What is a monosaccharide?

Answer 6

3 to 7 carbon atoms combined in a straight chain or ring

Question 7

What are examples of monosaccharides?

Answer 7

Glucose, fructose, galactose, and Deoxyribose

Question 8

How are monosaccharides detected?

Answer 8

With the Benedict’s test

Question 9

What is a disaccharide?

Answer 9

A combination of two monosaccharides such as sucrose, lactose, and maltose

Question 10

What is glycogen?

Answer 10

The storage form of carbohydrates also known as animal starch

Question 11

What are polysaccharides?

Answer 11

Complex carbohydrates built of simple carbohydrates to form larger molecules of different sizes

Question 12

What are examples of polysaccharides?

Answer 12

Cellulose and glycogen

Question 13

What are the two functions of carbohydrates?

Answer 13

Energy and structural components of plants

Question 14

What are the forms of carbohydrates that give energy?

Answer 14

Sugars, starches, and glycogen

Question 15

What are the forms of carbohydrates that provide structural components of plants?

Answer 15

Cellulose and pectins

Question 16

What is a lipid?

Answer 16

A greasy or oily nonpolar organic molecule, often with one or more fatty acid tails

Question 17

What are lipids soluble in?

Answer 17

They are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents

Defined by what they can’t do which is they can’t intersect with water

Question 18

What are the three classes of lipids?

Answer 18

Triglycerides, phospholipids, and sterols

Question 19

What is a fatty acid?

Answer 19

A string of hydrocarbons which is non-polar

A single hydrocarbon chain with a carboxyl group at one end

Question 20

What are the two forms of triglycerides?

Answer 20

Saturated and unsaturated

Question 21

What is the most abundant lipid?

Answer 21

Triglycerides

Question 22

What is a triglyceride?

Answer 22

Glycerol and three fatty acids

Question 23

What do triglycerides do?

Answer 23

Supply energy for cellular activity, they can supply more energy program than carbohydrates

Question 24

What is the difference in structure of triglycerides and carbohydrates?

Answer 24

Well both contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen triglycerides have a smaller proportion of oxygen than carbohydrates

Question 25

What is the building blocks of Triglycerides?

Answer 25

Fatty acids

Question 26

What are saturated fats?

Answer 26

Fats that are solid at room temperature and have no double bonds

Question 27

What are unsaturated fats?

Answer 27

Fats that are liquid at room temperature and have double bonds

Question 28

How is a triglyceride and a phosphorpid similar/different?

Answer 28

While a Triglyceride has three fatty acid chains, a phospholipid only has two and in place of the third has a phosphate group

Question 29

How do phospholipids interact with water?

Answer 29

The phosphate part is hydrophilic while the fatty acid tail is hydrophobic

Question 30

What does hydrophilic mean?

Answer 30

Water loving/can mix with and desolve

Question 31

What does hydrophobic mean?

Answer 31

Water fearing/tendency to repel or mix with water

Question 32

What are steroids?

Answer 32

A class of lipids. Are complex and include connected rings of carbon. In the drawing each point represents a carbon

Question 33

What are examples of steroids?

Answer 33

Cholesterol, estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone

Question 34

What are the building blocks of proteins?

Answer 34

Amino acids

Question 35

What do proteins do?

Answer 35

Perform a variety of functions, structural material, energy source, and chemical messengers

Question 36

What must be done to a protein to allow it to be used for energy?

Answer 36

It must get rid of the amine group

Question 37

How many amino acids makes up the average human protein?

Answer 37

300

Question 38

What are the 10 different types of proteins?

Answer 38

Structural proteins, Enzymatic proteins, membrane transport proteins, motile proteins, regulatory proteins, receptor proteins, hormones, Antibodies, storage proteins, and toxins and venoms

Question 39

What are the four proteins structures?

Answer 39

Primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary

Question 40

What is a primary protein structure?

Answer 40

The sequence of amino acids

Question 41

What is a secondary protein structure?

Answer 41

Helical or folded plates formed by hydrogen bonds

Question 42

What is the tertiary protein structure?

Answer 42

Three-dimensional structure formed by folding of the polypeptide chain

Question 43

What is the quaternary protein structure?

Answer 43

Assembly of two or more polypeptides

Question 44

What is the building block for a nucleic acids?

Answer 44

Nucleotides

Question 45

What is a nucleotide?

Answer 45

Five carbon sugar, phosphate group, and a nitrogen containing organic base

Question 46

What are nucleotides examples?

Answer 46

ATP (energy), NAD (Coenzyme in energy metabolism), FAD (Coenzyme in energy metabolism), and cAMP (internal cellular messenger)

Question 47

What are nucleic acids?

Answer 47

Large molecules composed of repeating chains of nucleotides

Question 48

What are examples of nucleic acids?

Answer 48

DNA (Which is genetic material) and RNA (functions in protein synthesis)

Question 49

What is the backbone of the comb of DNA?

Answer 49

Alternating phosphate groups and sugar