Lecture #3 Chapter #2

Question 1

What is the smallest unit of an element?

Answer 1

An atom

Question 2

What is an atom?

Answer 2

A fundamental building block

Question 3

What is a molecule?

Answer 3

When two or more atoms combine together to form a distinctive type of particle

Question 4

What is a compound?

Answer 4

Similar to a molecule in it is composed of multiple atoms but it must be composed of two or more separate elements

Question 5

What Is the generic term for electrons, protons, neutrons?

Answer 5

Subatomic particles

Question 6

What is the total number of protons plus the total number of neutrons called?

Answer 6

Mass number

Question 7

What are isotopes?

Answer 7

 Different forms of the same element because they have different masses due to the different number of neutrons

Question 8

What is the octet rule?

Answer 8

Means atoms are looking for satisfied customers, The desire for atoms to gain or lose electrons so they have a complete outer shell/Octet of electrons

Question 9

What are valence electrons?

Answer 9

The electrons in the outer most shell, determines the behavior of an atom

Question 10

What is a noble gas?

Answer 10

Gases that exhibit great stability and low reaction rates due to having a complete outer shell of electrons

Question 11

What are the types of chemical bonds?

Answer 11

Ionic and covalent

Question 12

What is an ionic bond?

Answer 12

A strong attraction between ions of opposite charges (Cations and anions)

Question 13

What is a covalent bond?

Answer 13

When two atoms share a pair of electrons

Question 14

What types of bonds are typically found in the body?

Answer 14

Covalent bonds

Question 15

What are the two types of covalent bonds?

Answer 15

Polar and nonpolar

Question 16

What is polarity?

Answer 16

Any separation of charge into distinct positive and negative regions

Question 17

What is an example of a polar substance?

Answer 17

Water

Question 18

What is an example of a nonpolar substance?

Answer 18

Oil

Question 19

What causes a nonpolar bond?

Answer 19

When the atoms in a covalent bond are shared equally

Question 20

What are the three substances that form hydrogen bonds?

Answer 20

NOF-Nitrogen, oxygen, and fluorine

Question 21

What are reactants?

Answer 21

The starting materials of a chemical reaction

Question 22

What are products?

Answer 22

Atoms, ions, or molecules formed at the reactions conclusion

Question 23

What are hydrogen bonds?

Answer 23

Relatively weak bonds created by an attraction of a slightly positive and slightly negative regions of covalently bonded molecules

Question 24

What is a nonpolar bond?

Answer 24

Having an even distribution of charge/when atoms in a covalent bonds share electrons equally

Question 25

How do you hydrogen bonds stack up against ionic or covalent bonds?

Answer 25

They break more easily and they do not form molecules. They do impart unique properties on substances such as water and hold molecules such as DNA in their characteristic shapes

Question 26

What is a synthesis reaction?

Answer 26

When two or more atoms, ions, or molecules bond to form a more complex structure

Question 27

What is a decomposition reaction?

Answer 27

When bonds of reactants break to form simpler molecules

Question 28

What is an exchange reaction?

Answer 28

Parts of two different types of molecules trade positions as bonds are broken in new bonds form

Question 29

What is a reversible reaction?

Answer 29

Products can change back to reactants. Contains a double arrow

Question 30

What is a catalyst?

Answer 30

Influences the rate of reaction s but are not consumed/used up

Question 31

What is an acid?

Answer 31

Electrolytes that disassociate to release hydrogen ions in water (ie. HCl) PH less than seven Acids are positively charged

Question 32

What is a base?

Answer 32

They release ions that combine with hydrogen ions (ie. NaOH) (donate OH-) PH greater than seven Bases are negatively charged

Question 33

What happens when acids and bases interact?

Answer 33

Salt is made

Question 34

What is a hydrogen ion?

Answer 34

H+

Question 35

What is a hydroxide ion?

Answer 35

OH-

Question 36

What is pH?

Answer 36

A measure of the number of hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution

Question 37

When is pure water neutral?

Answer 37

When the number of H+ ions=the number of OH- ions It will have a pH of seven

Question 38

What is the pH of blood?

Answer 38

7.35 to 7.45 it is slightly alkaline

Question 39

What is alkalemia?

Answer 39

Blood with a pH of 7.5 to 7.8

Question 40

What does alkalemia cause?

Answer 40

Alkalosis

Question 41

What is alkalemia brought on by?

Answer 41

Breathing rapidly at high altitudes, taking too many anti-acids, high fever, anxiety

Question 42

What is acidemia?

Answer 42

Blood pH of 7.0 to 7.3

Question 43

What does acidemia cause?

Answer 43

Acidosis

Question 44

What brings on acidemia?

Answer 44

Brought on by diarrhea and severe vomiting (Losing alkaline contents from small intestine)

Question 45

What is acidic and what is basic on the pH scale?

Answer 45

Zero is acidic and 14 is the basic

Question 46

What are buffers?

Answer 46

Chemicals that resist pH change

Question 47

How do buffers stabilize pH levels?

Answer 47

They combine with hydrogen ions when these ions are an excess or they donate hydrogen ions when these ions are depleted