Where does the carotid artery come of from?
Left Side: Arch of Aorta
Right Side: Brachiocephalic Trunk
Where are the roots of the brachial plexus located?
Between Anterior and Middle Scalene muscles
What is important about Subclavian Vein?
Can insert central lines
What are the contents of the Submental Triangle?
- Submental Lymph Nodes
- Anterior Jugular Vein
- from small veins
Yes, there is more on the picture but I am including only what is in her note packet since I am guessing that is what we need to know.
What are the boundaries of the anterior triangle?
- Midline of Neck
- SCM Muscle
- Lower border of mandible
What innervates the carotid body and sinus?
Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CN IX)
Vagus Nerver (CN X)
What can be found inside the occipital triangle?
- Part of External Jugular Vein
- Posterior Branches of Cervical Plexus
- Spinal Accessory Nerve
- Trunks of Brachial Plexus
- Cervical Lymph Node
What nerve is most likely prone to be damaged in the neck?
Spinal Accessory Nerve (CN XI)
Doesn’t have much protection and is located in investing layer of fascia
What divides the anterior and posterior triangles of the neck?
Sternocleidomastoid Muscle (SCM)
Where is the superior end of the esophagus?
Boundary of C5/C6
What are the boundaries of the Muscular Triangle?
- Body of Hyoid Muscle
- Superior Belly of Omohyoid Muscle
- SCM
Greater Auricular Nerve
- What is its nerve roots?
- What does this nerve supply?
- C2 and C3
- Supplies skin and sheath over parotid gland, mastoid process, auricle and angle of mandible
What are the boundaries of the posterior triangle?
- SCM Muscle
- Trapezius Muscle
- Clavicle
What muscles make up the floor of the posterior triangle?
Hint: 6 Muscles
- Semispinalis Capitis Muscle
- Splenius Capitis Muscle
- Levator Scapulae Muscle
- Posterior Scalene Muscle
- Middle Scalene Muscle
- Anterior Scalene Muscle
What composes the floor of the Carotid Triangle?
- Thyrohyoid Muscle
- Hyoglossus Muscle
- Middle and inferior constrictor muscles of the pharynx
What are the boundaries of the Submental Triangle?
- Midline of Neck
- Anterior Belly of Digastric Muscle
- Body of Hyoid Bone
Where is the upper margin of thyroid cartilage?
Boundary of C3/C4
What nerve is damaged in torticollis?
What is its symptoms?
Spinal Accessory Nerve Damage
Head tilts toward damage but face turns away from affected side
What should you be concerned about if you can see the External Jugular Vein?
Increased venous pressure due to:
Heart Failure
Obstruction to Superior Vena Cava
What muscles composes the Muscular Triangle?
Infrahyoid Muscles
- Sternothyroid Muscles
- Sternohyoid Muscles
- Thyrohyoid Muscles
What composes the floor of the Submandibular Triangle?
- Mylohyoid
- Hyoglossus
- Middle Pharyngeal Constrictor
In the posterior triangle, what is the floor covered by?
Prevertebral layer of deep fascia
What is another name for the posterior triangle?
Lateral Cervical Region
What are the two triangles found in the posterior triangle?
What muscle devides the two?
Occipital Triangle and Subclavian Triangle
Separated by Inferior Belly of Omohyoid Muscle
What can be found inside the omoclavicular (subclavian) triangle?
- 3rd part of Subclavian Artery
- Part of Subclavian Vein
- Suprascapular Artery
- Supraclavicular Lymph Nodes
Where can you find body of hyoid bone?
Vertebral Level of C3
What arteries can you find in the posterior triangle?
Subclavian Artery
Part 1:
- Vertebral Artery
- Inferior Thoracic Artery
- Thyrocervical Trunk
- Inferior Thyroid Artery
- Transverse Cervical Artery
- Superificial
- Deep (can be Dorsal Scapular)
- Suprascapular Artery
Part 2:
- Costocervical Trunk
- Deep Cervical Artery
- Supreme Intercostal Artery
Part 3:
- Dorsal Scapular Artery
Transverse Cervical Nerve
- What is its nerve roots?
- What does this nerve supply?
- C2 and C3
- Supplies skin of anterior cervical region
What two veins combine at a spot where the lymphatics drain?
What vein does it form?
Internal Jugular Vein and Subclavian Vein form Brachiocephalic Vein
- Right Side: Right Lymphatic Duct*
- Left Side: Thoracic Duct*
What does the Suprascapular Artery run across of?
Passes inferolaterally across the anterior scalene muscle and phrenic nerve
*Runs with Suprascapular Nerve
*Branch of Thyrocervical Trunk
Where is the superior end of the trachea?
Right below cricoid cartilage, Boundary of C5/C6
What is the point that cutaneous branches of cervical plexus emerge called?
Where do you find it?
Erb’s Point or Nerve point of the neck
Found in middle of the posterior SCM
Where is the ansa cervicalis?
Where is it going to?
In Fascia of Carotid Sheath
Going to Infrahyoid Muscles
What are the boundaries of the Submandibular Triangle?
- Anterior Belly of Digastric Muscle
- Posterior Belly of Digastric Muscle
- Inferior Border of Mandible
What do the suprahyoid muscles do?
Which muscles are considered as suprahyoid?
Elevate Hyoid and Larynx
- Mylohyoid
- Stylohyoid
- Digastric (anterior and posterior bellies)
- Geniohyoid (not seen)
What two veins make up the External Jugular Vein?
What is the vein anterior of?
Posterior Auricular Vein and Retromandibular Vein
Anterior to the SCM Muscle
What two muscles does the Spinal Accessory Nerve innervate?
SCM
Trapezius Muscle
Supraclavicular Nerve
- What is its nerve roots?
- What does this nerve supply?
- C3 and C4
- Supplies skin over the clavicle and over the shoulder
Where does the bifurcation of the common carotid artery take place?
Boundary of C3/C4
What are the boundaries of the Carotid Triangle?
- Posterior Belly of Digastric Muscle
- Superior Belly of Omohyoid Muscle
- SCM
What are the contents of the Submandibular Triangle?
- Submandibular Gland
- Submandibular Lymph Nodes
- Hypoglossal Nerve (CN XII)
- On Hyoglossus Muscle
- Nerve to Mylohyoid Muscle
- Parts of Facial Artery and Vein
Yes, there is more on the picture but I am including only what is in her note packet since I am guessing that is what we need to know.
What important structures are in the carotid sheath laterally to medially?
What structure do you find on top of it?
Carotid Sheath
- Internal Jugular Vein (anterior and lateral)
- Vagus Nerve (posterior)
- Common Carotid Artery (anterior and medial)
Ansa Cervicalis is found on top
Where is the arch of cricoid cartilage?
Vertebral Level of C6
What are the branches of the external carotid artery?
- Superior Thyroid Artery
- Ascending Pharyngeal Artery
- Lingual Artery
- Facial Artery
- Occipital Artery
- Posterior Auricular Artery
- Maxillary Artery (located in the face)
- Superficial Temporal Artery (located in the face)
Some Antomists Love Freaking Out Poor Med Students!
What composes the floor of the Submental Triangle?
- Mylohyoid Muscles
What does the internal and external braches of the superior laryngeal nerve do?
Internal: Sensory to Larynx
External: Motor to cricothyroid
What are the contents of the Carotid Triangle?
Carotid Sheath
- Common and Internal Carotid Arteries
- Internal Jugular Vein
- Vagus Nerve
- Deep Cervical Lymph Nodes
- Carotid Sinus Nerve
- Sympathetic nerve fibers
Arteries
- Branches of External Carotid Artery
Nerves
- Internal and External Laryngeal Nerves
- Hypoglossal Nerve
- Spinal Accessory Nerve
- Ansa Cervicalis
What does the Phrenic Nerve innervate?
Where is it located?
Innervates Diaphragm: C3, 4, 5 Keeps the Diaphragm Alive
Anterior to Anterior Scalene Muscle
Deep to Cartoid Sheath Structures
Lesser Occipital Nerve
- What is its nerve roots?
- What does this nerve supply?
- C2
- Supplies skin of neck and scalp posterior to auricle
What does the carotid body do?
Where is it located?
Has chemoreceptors to sense oxygen levels
Located in the middle of the bifurcation of external and internal carotid arteries inside carotid sinus
What does the Transverse Cervical Artery run across of?
Runs superficially and laterally across the phrenic nerve and anterior scalene muscle
*Branch of Thyrocervical Trunk
What are the contents of the Muscular Triangle?
Viscera
- Thyroid gland and Parathyroid glands
- Larynx
- Trachea
- Esophagus
Arteries
- Common Carotid Artery
- Superior Thyroid Artery
- Inferior Thyroid Artery
Veins
- Anterior Jugular Vein
- Thyroid veins (superior, middle, inferior)
Nerves
- Ansa Cervicalis
- External Laryngeal
- Recurrent Laryngeal
What does the carotid sinus do?
Where is it located?
Has baroreceptors to sense blood pressure
Swelling of proximal part of internal carotid artery
What do the infrahyoid muscles do?
Which muscles are considered as infrahyoid?
Depress Hyoid and Larynx
- Sternohyoid
- Omohyoid
- Sternothyroid
- Thyrohyoid
On which side of the body will you find the brachiocephalic trunk?
Right Side
What are the four nerves of the cervical plexus that provide cutaneous sensation?
- Lesser Occipital Nerve
- Greater Auricular Nerve
- Transverse Cervical Nerve
- Supraclavicular Nerve
