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05. Neuro Exam 1 > Lecture 2: Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Lecture 2: Cranial Nerves Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the general tract of CN IV?

A
  1. Exit dorsal surface of midbrain and pierce dura mater at margin of entorium cerebelli
  2. Run in lateral wall of cavernous sinus
  3. Enters orbit via superior orbital fissure
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2
Q

Cranial Nerve II

What is this nerve?

What is its CNS origin?

What is its distribution?

A

Optic Nerve

Diencephalon

Retina of eye

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3
Q

What is the general tract of CN X?

A
  1. Emerges from medulla
  2. Exit cranium through jugular foramen
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4
Q

Cranial Nerve IV

What is this nerve?

What is its CNS origin?

A

Trochlear Nerve

Midbrain: Pontine (Abducens) Nucleus

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5
Q

What presents first if CN III is compressed by an aneurysm?

A

Problems with parasympathetic division

Horner’s syndrome symptoms

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6
Q

What is the general tract of CN VII?

A
  1. Emerges from the pontine-medullary jxn
  2. Cross posterior cranial fossa to exit skull via internal acoustic meatus
  3. Run in facial canal and exit via stylomastoid foramen
  4. Pass through the parotid gland
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7
Q

What opening does the CN V2 exit from?

A

Foramen rotundum

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8
Q

What CN is affected in Bell’s Palsy?

What occurs as a result?

A

CN VII

Inability to use facial muscles

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9
Q

Cranial Nerve I

What is this nerve?

What is its CNS origin?

What is its distribution?

A

Olfactory Nerve

Telencephalon

Olfactory mucosa of nose

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10
Q

What happens if CN III is damaged?

A
  • Ptosis (upper eleyid droop)
  • Paralysis of eye muscles leading to strabismus
    • eyes are not parallel and deviated properly
  • Diplopia (double vision)
  • Difficulty with focus
    • Dilated pupil

Gaze will be down and out!!

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11
Q

What is the general tract of CN XII?

A
  1. Emerges from the medulla
  2. Exits skull via hypoglossal canal
  3. Travels with cervical plexus
  4. Cross occipital A.
  5. Enter oral cavity
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12
Q

What is the function of CN V2?

A

Sensory Afferent

Skin of face, lower eyelid, cheek, upper lip, maxillary teeth, mucosa of nose, maxillary sinus

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13
Q

What are the divisions of CN V?

A

CN V1: Ophthalmic Branch of the Trigeminal Nerve

CN V2: Maxillary Branch of the Trigeminal Nerve

CN V3: Mandibular Branch of the Trigeminal Nerve

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14
Q

What is the function of CN XII?

What happens if this nerve is damaged?

A

Somatic Efferent: Supplies all intrinsic and extrensic muscles of the tongue except Palaoglossus Muscle.

If damaged, can lead to difficulty swallowing and speaking.

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15
Q

Cranial Nerve III

What is this nerve?

What is its CNS origin?

A

Oculomotor Nerve

Midbrain/Mesencephalon: Oculumotor and Edinger Westphal nuclei

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16
Q

Cranial Nerve IX

What is this nerve?

What is its CNS origin?

A

Glossopharyngeal Nerve

Medulla

Derivatives of 3rd pharyngeal arch

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17
Q

What is the function of CN I?

What happens if this nerve is damaged?

A

Special Sensory: smell/olfaction

If damaged, can cause anosmia

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18
Q

Simply put, where are the 12 cranial nerves located?

Use Rule of 4s

A

Cranial Nerves 1-4 are above the pons

Cranial Nerves 5-8 in the pons

Cranial Nerves 9-12 in the medulla

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19
Q

What is the function of CN VII?

A

Special Visceral Efferent (Branchial Motor)

  • Innervates Stapedius muscle (in ear)
  • Innervates Stylohyoid, Posterior belly of Digastric Muscle
  • Innervates muscles of facial expression

General Visceral Efferent

  • Innervates lacrimal, submandibular, and sublingual glands
  • Innervates mucous membrane of nose
  • Innervates hard and soft palates

General Sensory Afferent

  • Skin of concha of auricle, small patch behind ear
  • Helps CN V3 with acoutsti meatus and external tympanic membrane

Special Sensory Afferent

  • Senses taste from anterior ⅔ of tongue
    • CN V3 does sensation!
  • Senses taste from hard and soft palates
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20
Q

What is the function of CN VIII?

What happens if this nerve is damaged?

A

Special Sensory:

  • Cochlea: Auditory Information
  • Semicircular Canals: Balance Information

If there is damage, can lead to loss balance, nausea, vomitting, dizziness, and deafness

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21
Q

What direction will the tongue deviate if there is a lesion of the hypoglossal nerve on one side?

A

Towards the lesion

May atrophy

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22
Q

Cranial Nerve V

What is this nerve?

What is its CNS origin?

A

Trigeminal Nerve

Pons

Derivatives of 1st pharyngeal arch

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23
Q

Cranial Nerve VIII

What is this nerve?

What is its CNS origin?

What is its distribution?

A

Vestibulocochlear Nerve

Pontine Medullary Junction

Internal ear

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24
Q

Cranial Nerve VII

What is this nerve?

What is its CNS origin?

Study These Flashcards
A

Facial Nerve

Pons

Derivatives of 2nd Pharyngeal Arch

25
What are the four parasympathetic ganglion?
Cilliary Pterygopalatine Otic Submandibular
26
What CN is involved in closing the eye?
CN VII - Facial N.
27
What is the general tract of CN VI?
1. Emerge from brainstem at pontine-medullary junction 2. Traverse pontine cistern and pierce dura covering the clivus 3. Run in cavernous sinus near Internal Carotid A. 4. Enters orbit via superior orbital fissure
28
What is the tract of the CN V1 division?
Trigeminal cave =\> Cavernous sinus =\> Superior orbital fissure =\> orbit
29
What is the general tract of CNII from the brain?
1. Optic nerve fibers arise from ganglion cells in retina 2. Enters cranium via optic foramen 3. Nerves unite at optic chiasm 4. Synapse onto lateral geniculate bodies of thalamus
30
What does the parasympathetic motor function of CN VII?
Facial Nerve -Innervates lacrimal gland of the eye, submandibular and sublingual salivary gland
31
If CN X is damaged, what conditions can occur?
* Larnyx issues: hoarseness or loss of voice * Difficulty Swallowing
32
What does the parasympathetic motor function of CN X?
Vagus Nerve -Innervates smooth muscles and glands of heart, lungs, larynx, trachea, and most abdominal organs
33
What does the parasympathetic motor function of CN IX?
Glossopharyngeal Nerve -Innervates parotid salivary gland
34
Where is CN I located? Where does it synapse onto?
Olfactory organ through cribiform plate to synapse onto Olfactory bulb
35
What is the function of CN VI? What happens if this nerve is damaged?
**Somatic Motor**: Lateral Rectus Muscle (abducts eye) If damaged, can lead to paralysis of lateral eye movements and diplopia
36
What nucleus do the parasympathetic fibers of CN IX arise from?
Inferior Salivatory nucleus
37
What cranial nerves go through the superior orbital fissure?
CN III, IV, V1, VI
38
**Cranial Nerve VI** What is this nerve? What is its CNS origin?
Abducens Nerve Pontine Medullary Junction
39
What is the function of CN XI? What happens if this nerve is damaged?
**Special Visceral Efferent (Branchial Motor)**: Supplies SCM and Trapezius muscles If damaged, can lead to difficulty elevation shoulder or _turning head to opposite side_
40
**Cranial Nerve X** What is this nerve? What is its CNS origin? What is its distribution?
Vagus Nerve Medulla/Myelencephalon Derivatives of the 4th pharyngeal arch
41
What is the function of CN IV? What happens if this nerve is damaged?
_Somatic Motor_: Innervates **Superior Oblique Muscle** (depresses, internally rotates, and abducts the eye) If damaged, can lead to limited downard movement of eye, strabismus, and diplopia
42
What is the function of CN II? What happens if this nerve is damaged?
Special Sensory: vision If damaged, can cause _anopsia (visual defects)_
43
What is the sympathetic motor function of CN III? (*What muscles is it innervating?*)
**Somatic Motor Functions** * Innervates _intrinsic eye muscle_: Elevates eyelid * Levator Palpebrae Superioris Muscle * Innervates _extrinsic eye muscle_: Move eyeball * Superior Rectus Muscle * Medial Rectus Muscle * Inferior Rectus Muscle * Inferior Oblique Muscle
44
What is the function of CN X?
**Special Visceral Efferent (Branchial Motor)** * Innervates most of the striated muscles of pharynx, tongue, and larnyx **General Visceral Efferent** * Innervates smooth muscles and glands of pharynx, larynx, thoracic and abdominal viscera **Visceral Sensory Afferent** * Carries sensation from larynx, pharynx, esophagus, thoracic and abdominal viscera * Sensation from stretch receptors and chemoreceptors of aortic arch **General Sensory Afferent** * Sensation from skin at back of ear and external acoustic meatus * Sensation from external surface of tympanic membrane and pharyx *
45
What is the general tract of CN XI?
1. Emerges from the spinal cord 2. Enters cranium through foramen magnum 3. Exit skull through jugular foramen
46
What is the general tract of CN IX?
1. Emerges from medulla 2. Exit cranium through jugular foramen 3. Pass b/w superior and middle pharyngeal constrictors 4. Enter oral cavity
47
What is the function of CN V1?
**Sensory Afferent** Sensation to cornea, skin of forehead and scalp, upper eyelid, the bridge to the point of nose, and nasal cavity
48
What is the only nerve that exits on the _dorsal surface of the brainstem_?
Trochlear Nerve (CN IV)
49
What is the function of CN V3?
**Sensory Afferent** * Anterior 2/3 of the tongue * Skin of mandible, lower lip, mandibular teeth, TMJ joint, part of oral mucosa **Visceral Efferent (Branchial Motor)** * Innervates muscles of mastiation * Innervates mylohyoid, anterior belly of digastric muscle, tensor tympani, and tensor veli palatini
50
Which direction does the uvula deviate if there is a lesion on CN X?
_Away_ from the side of the lesion
51
What opening does the CN V3 Mandibular exit from?
Foramen Ovale
52
What is the parasympathetic motor function of CN III? (*What muscles is it innervating?*)
Visceral Motor Functions - Innervates **sphincter pupillae muscle** (constrictor) - Contracts **cilliary muscle** to make muscle more round and relaxed (good with near vision)
53
What is the function of CN IX?
**Special Visceral Efferent (Branchial Motor)** * Innervates stylopharyngeus muscle **General Visceral Efferent** * Innervates otic ganglion: stimulates parotid gland **Visceral Sensory Afferent** * Carries sensation from carotid body and sinus **General Sensory Afferent** * Sensation to posterior third of tongue * Sensation to skin of external ear and internal surface of tympanic membrane **Special Sensory Afferent** * Senses taste from posterior third of tongue
54
**Cranial Nerve XI** What is this nerve? What is its CNS origin? What is its distribution?
**Spinal Accessory Nerve** Superior Spinal Cord Superficial layer of neck
55
What nucleus do the parasympathetic fibers of CN VII travel with?
Superior salivatory nucleus
56
What is the general tract of CN VIII?
1. Enter skull via interal acoustic meatus 2. Enter brainstem on pontine-medullary jxn 3. Vestibular - innervate utricle and saccule; Cochlear innervates cochlea
57
**Cranial Nerve XII** What is this nerve? What is its CNS origin? What is its distribution?
**Hypoglossal Nerve** Medulla/Myelencephalon Muscles of tongue
58
What is the general tract of CN III from the brain?
1. Exits midbrain through dura lateral to diaphragma sellae 2. Runs in lateral wall of cavernous sinus 3. Enters through superior orbital fissure into orbit

05. Neuro Exam 1 (26 decks)

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