Lecture 3: Autonomic Nervous System

Question 1

What type of receptors are α-2 adrenergic receptors?

Answer 1

Gi

Decreased cAMP

Question 2

What are two main classes of adrenergic receptors?

Answer 2

α-adrenergic

β-adrenergic

Question 3

What structures have M3 receptors?

What happens when they are activated?

Answer 3

Smooth Muscle Cells: Contraction

Exocrine glands: Secretion

Question 4

What structures have β-1 adrenergic receptors?

What happens when they are activated?

Answer 4

SA Node: Increased HR
Ventricular Muscles: Increased strength of contraction
Salivary Glad: Secretion
Adipose Tissue: Lipolysis

Question 5

What type of receptors are α-1 adrenergic receptors?

Answer 5

Gq

Increased calcium in cell

Question 6

Which synapse is the same between sympathetic and parasympathetic systems?

Answer 6

Synapse 1 at the ganglion

Question 7

Where in the brain are autonomic responses processed?

Answer 7

Hypothalamus

Question 8

What neurotransmitter is released between the pre-synaptic and post-synaptic neurons?
What receptor does the post-synaptic cell have for this NT?

Answer 8

Acetylcholine

Nicotinic Cholinergic Receptors

Question 9

Where are the two synapses happening?

Answer 9

Synapse 1: Ganglion

Synapse 2: End organ (target)

Question 10

Where can we find cues for the afferent (sensory) neurons?

Answer 10

Visual Cues
Auditory Cues
Baroreceptors (blood pressure)
Chemoreceptors (oxygen levels)
Stretch of smooth muscles

Question 11

Where is the cell body of post-synaptic neuron?

Where does it terminate?

Answer 11

Cell body in ganglion

Terminates at the end organ (target)

Question 12

What structures have M2 receptors?

What happens when they are activated?

Answer 12

Cardiac cells: Slow heart rate

Question 13

What structures have M1 receptors?

What happens when they are activated?

Answer 13

Salivary Glands: Increased secretion

Acid Secreting cells of Stomach: Increased secretion

Question 14

What NT is released when the pre-synaptic ganglion synapses at the adrenal gland?
Where does the NT bind to?

Answer 14

Acetylcholine

Nicotinic Receptors on chromaffin cells

Question 15

What type of receptors are M1R, M3R, and M5R?

Answer 15

Gq Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors

-Increase Calcium in cell

Question 16

How is NT release different between NMJ and varicosities?

Answer 16

NMJ: NT released into synaptic cleft and goes directly to receptors on post-synaptic cells

Varicosities: NT released and are diffused until it finds receptors on post-synaptic cells

Question 17

What structures have β-3 adrenergic receptors?

What happens when they are activated?

Answer 17

White adipose tissue: lipolysis

Brown adipose tissue: heat production

Question 18

What structures have α-1 adrenergic receptors?

What happens when they are activated?

Answer 18

Smooth muscle of blood vessels: contraction
Smooth muscle of urinary and reproductive tract
Liver: glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis
Adipose Tissue: Lipolysis
Lacrimal Glands: reduced watery secretion
Radial muscle of iris contraction: Dilation of pupil

Question 19

What type of receptors are β-adrenergic receptors?

Answer 19

Gs

Increased cAMP

Question 20

What type of receptors are M2R and M4R?

Answer 20

Gi Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors

-Opens Potassium channels and can hyperpolarize cell

Question 21

In the parasympathetic system, what NT is released from the post-synaptic cell and received by the end target organ?
What receptors does the end target organ have?

Answer 21

Acetylcholine

Muscarinic Cholinergic Receptors

Question 22

What structures have α-2 adrenergic receptors?

What happens when they are activated?

Answer 22

GI sphincters: contraction
Pancreas: release glucagon and decrease insulin
Smooth muscle of blood vessels: dilation
Platelets increased

Question 23

What composes the autonomic reflex arc?

Answer 23

Afferent (sensory) neuron

α-motor neuron

Question 24

In the sympathetic system, what NT is released from the post-synaptic cell and received by the end target organ?
What receptors does the end target organ have?

Answer 24

Norepinephrine (Adrenaline)

Adrenergic Receptors

Question 25

In the ANS, how many neurons are between the CNS and end organ (target)?

Answer 25

2 Neurons: Pre-synpatic and Post-synaptic | aka Pre-ganglionic and Post-ganglionic

Question 26

What is the difference between an en passant synapse and regular neural synapses?

Answer 26

En passant synapse are located anywhere on the axon while regular neural synapses happen at axon terminal -Both do the same exact thing, just have different structure

Question 27

Where is the cell body of pre-synaptic neuron? | Where does it terminate?

Answer 27

Cell body in CNS | Terminates in a ganglion in periphery

Question 28

What structures have β-2 adrenergic receptors? | What happens when they are activated?

Answer 28

Bronchiole smooth muscle: relaxation GI smooth muscle: relaxation Relaxation of ciliary muscle: flattens lens (can see distance better)