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Microbio > Lecture 10 > Flashcards

Lecture 10 Flashcards

1
Q

Sebaceous glands

A

Produce fatty acids that are fungistatic, inhibit growth of fungi

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2
Q

Normal microbiota of the skin

A

Gram +, salt tolerant bacteria
Staphylococci
Micrococci
Diphtheriods

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3
Q

Exanthem

A

Skin rash arising from another focus infection

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4
Q

Enanthem

A

Mucous membrane rash arising from another focus infection

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5
Q

Vesicle

A

Fluid or puss filled growth in the epidermis that is < 1 cm in diameter

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6
Q

Bulla

A

Fluid or puss filled growth in the epidermis that is > 1 cm in diameter

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7
Q

Macule

A

Growth in the epidermis not filled with fluid or puss that is < 1 cm

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8
Q

Pustule (Papule)

A

Growth in the DERMIS that is < 1 cm (pustule = pus filled , papule = fluid filled)

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9
Q

Staphylococcal Skin Infection

A

Staphylococcus Epidermidis
- Gram + cocci, coagulase neg
Staphylococcus aureus
-Gram + cocci, coagulase +
-Leukocidin
-Exfoliative toxin

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10
Q

Folliculitis

A

Infections of hair follicles . We don’t have as much hair but we produce the same amount of sebum as hairier organisms

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11
Q

Sty

A

Folliculitis of an eyelash

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12
Q

Furuncle

A

Abscess, pus surrounded by inflamed tissue

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13
Q

Carbuncle

A

Inflammation of tissue under the skin

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14
Q

Impetigo of the newborn

A

Staphylococcal infection of the new born
Toxemia can lead to Scalded Skin syndrome, huge immune response that ends up attacking the skin

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15
Q

Streptococcal Skin Infections

A

Streptococcus pyogenes
Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci
M Proteins

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16
Q

Invasive Group A Streptococcal Infections (Flesh eating bacteria)

A

Streptokinases
Hyaluronidase
Exotoxin A, superantigen
Cellulitis
Necrotizing fasciitis

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17
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

Gram - , aerobic rod
Phyocyanin produces a blue-green pus
Happens in some burn victims

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18
Q

Pseudomonas dermatitis

A

indicator of if a child has bathed

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19
Q

Comedonal acne

A

Occurs when sebum channels are blocked with shed cells (forms white heads)

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20
Q

Inflammatory acne

A

Propionibacterium acnes
Gram + , anaerobic rod
Tx: preventing sebum formation (isotretinoin)
Antibiotics
Benzoyl peroxide to loosen clogged follicles
Visible blue light ( kills P. Acnes)

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21
Q

Nodular Cystic Acne

A

Can happen in the elderly
Tx: isotretinoin

22
Q

Warts

A

Caused by Papillomavirus
Tx: removal
Imiquimod (stimulates interferon production)

23
Q

Smallpox (variola)

A

Caused by Smallpox virus (orthopox virus)
Variola major has 20% mortality
Variola minor has <1% mortality

24
Q

Monkeypox

A

Variant of smallpox
Prevention by smallpox vaccination

25
Q

Herpesviruses

A

HSV 1 , affects perioral region / mouth
HSV 2 , affects genitals
HSV 3 , chicken pox
Varicella-zoster virus (HHV) , transmitted by the respiratory route
Causes pus-filled vesicles (exanthem)

26
Q

Shingles

A

Reactivation of latent HHV-3 releases viruses that move along peripheral nerves to the skin (ring of fire around abdomen)

27
Q

HSV 1 and HSV 2 (or HHV 1 and HHV 2)

A

Herpes encephalitis has a 70% mortality rate!
HSV 2 in the genital region , comes in contact with the oral region (oral sex) and it MAY travel to the trigeminal nerve and travel to the brain
Acyclovir (valtrax) may lessen symptoms

28
Q

Measles (Rubeola)

A

Measles virus
Trasmitted by respiratory route
Macular rash and Koplik’s spots
Prevented by vaccination
Encephalitis in 1 in 1000 cases

29
Q

Rubella (German measles)

A

Rubella virus
Macular rash and fever
Congenital rubella syndrome causes severe fetal damage
Prevented by vaccination

30
Q

Fifth Disease

A

Human parvovirus B19 produces mild flu-like symptoms and facial rash

31
Q

Roseola

A

HSV 6 causes a high fever and rash, lasting for 1-2 days

32
Q

Cutaneous Mycoses

A

Dermatomycoses: Tineas or ringworm , a fungal infection

33
Q

Tinea Capitis

A

Dermatomycoses of the scalp

34
Q

Tinea Corporis

A

Dermatomycoses of the torso, commonly referred to as ringworm

35
Q

Tinea Baberi

A

Dermatomycoses of the beard region, picked up at barber shop

36
Q

Tinea Cruris

A

Groin fungus , “jock itch”

37
Q

Tinea pedis

A

Foot fungus, “athletes foot”

38
Q

Tinea unguium

A

Fungus of the nail , transmitted through nail salons

39
Q

Tinea versicolor

A

Most common Tinea today
Grows in the epidermis No visible sign until the skin is tanned , will cause uneven tanning

40
Q

Trichophyton fungus

A

Infects hair, skin, nails

41
Q

Epidermophyton fungus

A

Infects skin and nails

42
Q

Microsporum

A

Infects hair and skin

43
Q

Candidiasis

A

Candida albicans (yeast)
May result from suppression of competing bacteria by antibiotics
Occurs in the skin and mucous membranes of the genitourinary tract and mouth
Thrush is an infection of mucous membranes of the mouth
Topical tx with miconazole or nystatin

44
Q

Scabies

A

Sarcoptes scabiei are arachnids (insects) , burrow into the skin to lay eggs
Tx with topical insecticides
Associated with poor hygiene

45
Q

Pediculosis

A

Pediculus humanus capitis (head lice)
Pediculus humanus corporis (body lice)
-Feed on blood
-Lay eggs (nits) on hair
-Treatment with topical insecticides
Body lice can be vectors of disease

46
Q

Conjunctivitis (pinkeye)

A

Haemophilus influenzae is the most common cause. This microbe is part of normal microbiota of the mouth

47
Q

Neonatal gonorrheal opthalmia

A

Caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Transmitted to newborn’s eyes during passage through the birth canal
Prevented by treatment to newborn’s eyes with antibiotics

48
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis

A

Can cause inclusion conjunctivitis (cyst or other inclusion can form in eye)
Transmitted to newborn in the birth canal
Spread through swimming pool water
Treated with tetracycline

49
Q

Trachoma

A

Greatest cause of blindness worldwide
Transmitted through birth canal
Infection causes permanent scarring , scars abrade the cornea leading to blindness

50
Q

Herpetic Keratitis

A

HSV1 infects cornea, may cause blindness
Treated with trifluridine

51
Q

Acanthamoeba keratitis

A

Transmitted from water
Associated with unsanitary contact lens

Microbio (14 decks)

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