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KNPE 331 > Lecture 10 > Flashcards

Lecture 10 Flashcards

1
Q

Relevant anatomy of head, face and throat

A

-pharynx
-larynx
-trachea
-esophagus
-sternocleidomastoid

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2
Q

Pharynx

A

-throat

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3
Q

Larynx

A

-voice box
-connects throat with trachea, prevents food from getting into trachea while breathing

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4
Q

Trachea

A

-brings air from throat to lungs

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5
Q

Esophagus

A

-brings food from throat to stomach

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6
Q

Relevant vessels of the head, face and throat

A

-carotid artery
-jugular vein
-subclavian artery and vein
-vagus nerve

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7
Q

Bones of the face

A

-frontal bone
-orbital bones
-nasal bone
-cheekbones
-maxilla bones
-mandible

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8
Q

Frontal bone

A

-forehead

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9
Q

Orbital bones

A

-around eyes
-along eyebrows

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10
Q

Nasal bone

A

-nose

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11
Q

Zygomatic bones

A

-cheekbones

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12
Q

Mandible

A

-jaw

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13
Q

Bones of the head and face

A

-frontal bone
-parietal bones
-temporal bones
-occipital bone
-temporomandibular joint

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14
Q

What is the temporomandibular joint

A

-joint between temporal bone and mandible
-articular disc within joint

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15
Q

Muscles that act on TMJ

A

-temporalis
-pterygoids
-masseter

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16
Q

MOI injuries to anterior neck

A

-blunt force to anterior neck/throat by stick, puck, ball, opponent

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17
Q

What sports are injuries to anterior neck common in

A

-field hockey
-lacrosse
-hockey

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18
Q

Signs and symptoms injuries to anterior neck

A

-pressure
-difficulty swallowing “feels thick”
-difficulty breathing
-panicky

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19
Q

What is there a risk of of in injuries to the anterior neck

A

-larynx fracture

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20
Q

MOI of major bleeds

A

-skate
-stick
-contact with boards
-laceration of carotid artery, jugular vein, an subclavian vein

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21
Q

What sports are major bleeds common in

A

-hockey
-figure skating

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22
Q

Acute management of major bleeds

A

-pressure
-rapid EMS call
-treat for shock

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23
Q

What do major bleeds usually require

A

-requires vascular surgical team to repair damaged vessels

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24
Q

Prevention of major bleeds

A

-neck guards

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25
Different types of facial injuries
-eye-poke injuries -fractures -auricular hematomas -lacerations -TMJ conditions -dental injuries
26
Examples of eye-poke injuries
-subconjunctival hemorrhage -corneal abrasion
27
Subconjunctival hemorrhage
-bright red bleeding/spot on white of eye from broken blood vessel
28
Corneal abrasion
-scratch on surface of eye
29
Signs and symptoms of eye-poke injuries
-mild discomfort -irritation
30
Acute management of eye-poke injuries
-cold compress -refer for eye exam
31
When should someone be referred immediately after an eye-poke injury
-any vision changes -shadows -floaters -pressure -pain
32
MOI of facial fractures
-direct trauma via opponent -puck -ball
33
What sports are facial fractures common in
-ice hockey -football -rugby -baseball
34
What type of facial fractures are the most common
-unilateral zygomatic-maxillary-orbital -isolated mandibular -nasal fractures
35
Signs and symptoms of facial fractures
-tender on palpation fracture site -racoon eyes -swelling -divots -deformities
36
Acute management of facial fractures
-PIER if tolerated -refer
37
MOI auricular hematoma
-blunt trauma -repetitive friction
38
What is auricular hematoma
-resulting contusion to ear
39
Signs and symptoms of auricular hematoma
-pain -swelling -bruising
40
What can auricular hematoma lead to
-necrosis of the cartilage from blood supply being cut off
41
What is auricular hematoma known as
-cauliflower ear
42
What sports are auricular hematomas common in
-wrestling -rugby -judo -boxing
43
Acute management of auricular hematoma
-PIER -add pressure by packing ear with folded gauze to prevent fluid accumulation -magnets
44
MOI lacerations
-blunt trauma -sharp object
45
What do lacerations require
-form pressure
46
Acute management of lacerations of the face
-refer for stiches -pressure -steri-strips
47
What type of joint is the TMJ
-hinge joint
48
MOI of TMJ conditions
-direct trauma to mandible -cumulative repeat impacts
49
What sports are TMJ conditions common in
-contact sports
50
What can TMJ conditions result in
-dislocations -fractures -sprains -articular disc injuries -muscle tension/strains -clicking/altered joint mechanics -headaches
51
MOI dental injuries
-direct blow
52
Common sports related dental injuries
-tooth (crown) fractures -tooth intrusion -tooth extrusion -tooth avulsion
53
Tooth intrusion
-tooth gets forced into the bone
54
Tooth extrusion
-tooth gets forced out of the bone
55
Tooth avulsion
-complete removal from socket
56
Acute management of dental injuries
-ensure broken teeth removed from mouth -rule out concussion and C-spine -refer to dentist -ER if severe -rolled gauze to control -numbing agent
57
Prevention of dental injuries
-mouthguards
58
What are types of headaches seen in sport
-dehydration -cervicogenic -concussion
59
What are the different types of cervicogenic headaches
-muscle tension -joint dysfunction
60
MOI concussions
-direct blow or indirect
61
What is a concussion known as
-mild traumatic brain injuries
62
What is a concussion
-a transient change of neurological function
63
Cause of concussions
-stretch -ion exchange -depolarization of action potentials -results in an electrical storm
64
Signs of concussion
-vomiting -disorientation/confusion -memory loss -loss of consciousness
65
Symptoms fo concussion
-headache, pressure, migraines -cognitive changes -vestibular system dysfunction -nausea -fatigue -mood changes
66
What needs to be ruled out in a concussion
-c-spine injuries
67
What does assessing a concussion include
-interviews -physical exams -testing
68
Two common assessment tools in concussions
-SCAT6 -ImPACT testing
69
SCAT6
-standardized tool for evaluating concussions -sideline or clinical -designed for athletes over 13 years of age -takes 10-15 min
70
What does ImPACT testing stand for
-immediate post-concussion assessment and cognitive testing
71
ImPACT testing
-computerized objective tool -requires a baseline test -measures memory, attention span, visual and verbal problem solving
72
Components of a SCAT6
-immediate assessment/neuro scan -off-field assessment
73
Immediate assessment/neuro scan
-observable signs -glasgow coma scale -cervical spine assessment -coordination and ocular/motor screen -memory assessment maddocks questions
74
Observable signs
-athlete position/behaviour/MOI
75
Glasgow coma scale (LOC)
-eye/verbal/motor responses
76
Cervical spine assessment
-pain at rest -TOP -AROM -limbs
77
Coordination and ocular/motor screen
-finger to nose -follow finger
78
Memory assessment maddocks questions
-questions re venue -game -past games
79
What is included in off-field assessment
-athlete background -symptom evaluation -cognitive screening -coordination and balance examination -delayed recall -decision
80
What is involved in cognitive screening
-orientation -immediate memory -concentration
81
How long does post-concussion syndrome last
-timeframes vary -anywhere from 10 days - 3 months
82
Systems that may be exacerbating symptoms in concussions
-visual -vestibular -physiologic -cervicogenic -psychological
83
Post concussion disorder early symptom-limited threshold
-symptom exacerbation
84
Post concussion disorder no early symptom-limited threshold
-no symptom exacerbation
85
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy
-progressive degenerative brain disorder caused by repeat head injuries
86
Signs and symptoms of chronic traumatic encephalopathy
-memory loss -confusion -headaches -irritable mood -agression -depression -slurred speech -unsteady/altered motor control
87
Concussion injury prevention
-mouthguards -proper fitting helmet -safe technique -concussion
88
Safe technique
-no high tackles -no spearing
89
Concussion education
-early identification -no RTP with even 1 symptom -safe and progressive RTP

KNPE 331 (12 decks)

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