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KNPE 331 > Lecture 2 > Flashcards

Lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is MOI

A

-mechanism of injury
-how did the injury happen

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2
Q

Sources of MOI

A

-trauma
-overuse

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3
Q

Types of onset of an injury

A

-acute/traumatic
-insidious

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4
Q

What is an insidious injury

A

-gradual and often of unknown origin

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5
Q

What is a sign

A

-something you see

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6
Q

What is a symptom

A

-something the athlete feels/describes

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7
Q

What are examples of signs

A

-bruising
-swelling
-heat/cold
-spasm/guarding
-sweating
-shivering
-vomiting

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8
Q

What are examples of symptoms

A

-pain
-tingling
-numbness
-burning
-tight
-pressure
-nausea

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9
Q

How do we often measure pain

A

-on a subjective scale

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10
Q

What comes with pain

A

-shock
-fear/catastrophizing

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11
Q

What psychological symptoms may come with injuries

A

-anger
-fear
-denial
-sadness
-catastrophizing
-regret

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12
Q

How can we help manage injuries from a psychological standpoint

A

-listen
-reassure with a plan
-know when to refer
-educate on injury
-coach/friend/player support
-mindful and sequential return to play

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13
Q

Types of skin wounds

A

-lacerations
-abrasions
-punctures
-contusions
-blisters

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14
Q

Management of lacerations

A

-control bleeding
-clean the wound
-steri strips

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15
Q

Step 1 control bleeding components

A

-personal protective equipment
-pressure
-elevation

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16
Q

Step 2 clean the wound components

A

-soap and water
-cinder suds

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17
Q

Step 3 steri strips considerations

A

-dry area around laceration
-adhesive spray via Q tip
-rub Q tip on either side of laceration

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18
Q

When do we send for stitches

A

-stitches can only be done effectively within 24 hours of injury
-deep wounds affecting more than just the skin
-unable to stop bleeding
-on the face
-across a joint

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19
Q

What is a minor cut/abrasion

A

-superficial layers of skin

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20
Q

How to prep player to return to play with minor cut or abrasion

A

-non-stick gauze and cover roll

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21
Q

What is a puncture

A

-common in feet and hands
-can penetrate multiple levels

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22
Q

What to do if object is still in puncture wound

A

-leave it in
-pad around it with gauze rolls
-send for medical attention

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23
Q

What to keep in mind with deep contusions

A

-do not massage

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24
Q

What is a contusion

A

-bleeding under the skin from blunt trauma

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25
How can you protect a contusion
-use a donut pad
26
Clinical control of a contusion
-ultrasound -interferential current (IFC)
27
What is a blister
-fluid filled bubble caused by friction
28
Prevention of blisters
-skin lube over areas of friction
29
Treatment of blisters
-clean -second skin -hypafix
30
When do we seek medical attention
-unable to control the bleeding -wound is dirty and unable to be cleaned -deep wound or puncture -object is still impaled -changes in sensation -wound is from a human/animal bite -wound is from a rusty object
31
Cartilage and meniscus healing
-limited capacity to heal -little or no direct blood supply
32
Ligament healing
-during repair phase, collagen or connective tissue fibres lay down randomly -gradually a scar is formed -over following months, collagen fibres align in response to joint stress/strain
33
Skeletal muscle healing
-regeneration of new myofibers is minimal -healing and repair follows the same process of random collagen alignment and develops tensile strength in response to stress/strain
34
Nerves healing
-slowest to regenerate -3-4 mm/day -peripheral nerves regenerate better than central nervous system
35
4 molecular steps of wound healing
-hemostasis -inflammation -repair and regeneration -remodeling
36
Hemostasis
-process leading to cessation of bleeding
37
Inflammation
-essential vascular and cellular response for proper tissue healing
38
Repair and regeneration
-formation of granulation tissues
39
Remodeling
-strengthening of tissues along lines of tension
40
Stages of wound healing
-inflammation -proliferation -remodeling
41
How long does inflammation typically last
-4-6 days
42
How long does proliferation typically last
-4-24 days
43
How long does remodeling typically last
-21 days-2 years
44
Acute musculoskeletal injury healing steps
-inflammatory -repair and regeneration -remodeling
45
What happens in the inflammatory state
-vasodilation of blood vessels -white blood cells fight infection, break down and clean up damaged tissue to start healing process
46
Signs and symptoms of inflammation
-redness -swelling -heat -pain -loss of function
47
What happens during repair and regeneration (proliferation)
-collagen laid down in disorganized matrix -revascularization brings oxygen and nutrients -edges of wound draw closer
48
What happens during remodeling
-collagen reorganizes along lines of stress -tissues increase in tensile stress
49
Bone healing stages
-hematoma formation -cellular proliferation -callus formation -ossification -remodeling
50
How long on average does a bone take to heal
-6-8 weeks
51
Aims of treatment stages
-inflammatory phase -demolition phase -healing phase -long term goals
52
Inflammatory phase goals
-decrease inflammation -decrease pain -decrease swelling -decrease activity -protect -educate
53
Inflammatory phase days
-1-5
54
Demolition phase goals
-decrease residual swelling -decrease residual pain -increase ROM -increase flexibility -increase strength -increase proprioception -prevent secondary complications -increase cardiovascular fitness -educate
55
Demolition phase days
-3-15
56
Healing phase goals
-increase circulation -decrease pain or muscle spasm -increase ROM -increase flexibility -increase strength -increase CV -increase proprioception
57
Healing phase days
-10 days - 8 weeks
58
Long term goals
-maintain/restore skin and connective tissue -ensure full RM, strength, flexibility, and psychological readiness -optimal biomechanics -correct training habits -increase proprioception -protect injury site -educate
59
Guidelines for return to play (RTP)
-full ROM, 80% strength -able to perform the demands of sport -psychological readiness
60
When do we use heat
-healing phase and beyond -for relaxation -promote flexibility
61
Tissue response to heat
-increase circulation -increase inflammation -increase metabolism -increase edema and swelling -decrease pain -decrease spasm
62
Types of heat
-moist heat application (hydrocollator packs, hot wet towel) -electric heating pads -hot shower/bath -microwaveable bean bag -infared sauna -ultrasound
63
Traditional sauna
-heats air around you -heats to 60-80 degrees
64
Infrared sauna
-heats skin/body -heats to around 37 degrees
65
Benefits of infrared sauna for conditions
-high blood pressure -heart failure -demetia/alzheimers -headaches -type 2 diabetes -arthritis and chronic pain -relaxation -improved circulation -sweating therefore detox
66
Contraindications to heat
-inflamed tissues -bleeding disorders -blood clots -impaired sensation -metal implants -infection -open wounds -pregnancy or trying to conceive (whole body) -multiple sclerosis (whole body) -illness (whole body)
67
Tissue response to cold
-decrease inflammatory response -decrease edema/swelling -decrease pain -decrease circulation -decrease hematoma formation -decrease muscle spasm -decrease tissue metabolism -decrease enzymatic activity -decrease extensibility
68
Types of cryotherapy
-crushed ice or ice cubes -gel packs or frozen peas -frozen beanbag -ice cup massage -cold immersion tub -hyperbaric gaseous cryotherapy -cryochamber
69
Hyperbaric gaseous cryotherapy
-sprays microcrystals of liquid CO2 at -78 degrees celcius
70
Cryochamber types
-electric -liquid nitrogen
71
Electric cryochamber
-temps as low as -160 degrees for 3 min -timing: as long as it takes to get skin to desired temp
72
Liquid nitrogen cryotherapy
-temps as low as -130 degrees -timing: 2-4 min
73
Electric cryochamber contraindications
-pregnancy -high BP -blood clots -heart conditions -infection
74
Contraindications to cold
-reynauds phenomenon -urticaria -clotting disorders -over superficial nerves -altered skin sensation -complex regional pain syndrome
75
When to use massage
-tight muscles -injured muscles
76
How can massage help tight muscles
-increase extensibility -decrease pain
77
How can massage help injured muscles in inflammatory phase
-decrease pain -decrease swelling
78
What type of massage to use in inflammatory phase
-effleurage/lymph drainage only
79
How can massage help injured muscles in healing phase
-increase circulation to promote healing
80
What type of massage should be used in healing phase
-deeper forms
81
Massage protocols
-educate on why you use it -clear contraindications -always obtain consent -expose the area to be treated -be professional
82
Contraindications to massage therapy
-acute inflammation -contusions -acute spasm around another injury -over open wounds or skin reactions -altered sensation -possible blood clot -bleeding disorders -over varicose veins -deep vein thrombosis -cancer -open wounds -bleeding disorders -diabetes
83
4 main principles of massage
-general-specific-general -superificial-deep-superficial -proximal-distal-proximal -peripheral-central-peripheral
84
How to open terminus massage technique
-make "V" with hands and make gentle C motions towards ground
85
What techniques to use for massage
-petrissage -shaking/rocking -vibration
86
Petrissage
-spreading the mm belly across the fibres -avoid stripping the mm and ends of tendons
87
Shaking/rocking
-use fast motion for pre event -use slow motion for post event
88
Vibration
-engage tissue, hand over hand, vibrate -cane be useful over particularly tight areas or knots

KNPE 331 (12 decks)

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