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KNPE 331 > Lecture 13 > Flashcards

Lecture 13 Flashcards

1
Q

What are growth plates

A

-area of new bone growth in kids and teens

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2
Q

Where are growth plates usually located

A

-end of long bones

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3
Q

What are growth plates made up of

A

-cartilaginous tissue

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4
Q

When do growth plates close for females

A

-14-15 years old

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5
Q

When do growth plates close for males

A

-16-17 years old

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6
Q

Pediatric medical conditions

A

-juvenile diabetes
-juvenile arthritis
-asthma
-epilepsy
-allergies
-water safety/CPR for drowning
-choking

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7
Q

Working in youth sport important considerations

A

-pediatric sized emergency supplies
-pediatric tools

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8
Q

What are examples of pediatric sized emergency supplies

A

-oropharyngeal airway
-neck collar
-splints
-epipen jr

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9
Q

What is an example of a pediatric tool

A

-child SCAT6

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10
Q

Injury prevention in youth sports

A

-proper warm up
-properly fitted protective equipment
-diversifying their activities
-playing time limits
-max games per day for tournaments
-minimum hrs between games
-rotating positions
-proper nutrition and hydration
-avoid overtraining
-baseline concussion testing
-psychological wellness
-pre-season screenings
-pitch count limits
-mandated rest days

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11
Q

What to include in pre-season screenings

A

-identify current pain/injuries
-review medical conditions
-assess functional movement patterns
-concussion baseline testing
-discuss important topics including concussions, nutrition, hydration, overtraining

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12
Q

What is included in psychological wellness for children in sports

A

-support following injury
-healthy competition
-healthy eating habits
-inclusivity
-motivational tasks
-encouraging cheers
-promoting teamwork

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13
Q

What causes growth plate injuries/fractures

A

-excessive repeat stress on the growth plate of the bone
-causes widening of the growth plate

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14
Q

What can happen if growth plate injuries are not addressed

A

-deformities
-bone stops growing prematurely

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15
Q

What may be required in growth plate injuries/fractures

A

-may require 2-3 months of rest from aggravating sport skill

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16
Q

What is the anatomical name for little league shoulder

A

-proximal humeral epiphysitis

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17
Q

What is little league shoulder

A

-irritation of the growth plate in the proximal humerus

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18
Q

MOI little league shoulder

A

-overuse in overhand motions causing excessive strain on growth plate

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19
Q

Signs and symptoms of little league shoulder

A

-progressive increase in pain in proximal humerus or shoulder

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20
Q

What may little league shoulder lead to

A

-stress fractures through growth plate

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21
Q

What sports are little league shoulder most common in

A

-baseball
-tennis
-volleyball

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22
Q

Prevention of little league shoulder

A

-limit pitch counts
-proper throwing mechanics

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23
Q

What is patellar tendonitis also known as

A

-jumpers knee

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24
Q

MOI patellar tendonitis

A

-excessive traction on patellar tendon

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25
What is patellar tendonitis associated with
-growth spurts
26
Signs and symptoms of patellar tendonitis
-pain -swelling and heat over patellar tendon -pain with jumping, running, quick change in direction or strong quad contraction -pain with flexion and extension -can often train/complete through the pain
27
Special tests for patellar tendonitis
-thomas test -resisted quads
28
Acute management for patellar tendonitis
-PIER -roll/soft tissue mobility for quads -lower extremity mechanics -train hamstrings to prevent ant translation of tibia on femur and stability of hip and knee
29
Tendinopathy rehab for patellar tendonitis
-eccentrics -x-training
30
RTP for patellar tendonitis
-patellar tendonitis tape job
31
What is osgoode schlatters disease
-irritation of the growth plate at the tibial tuberosity
32
MOI osgoode schlatters disease
-overuse -excessive traction of quads via patellar tendon
33
Signs and symptoms of osgoode schlatters disease
-pain over tibial tuberosity -eventually a visible bump over tibial tuberosity -pain with contraction and stretch of quads -jumping especially painful
34
Special tests for osgoode schlatters disease
-thomas test -resisted quads
35
Acute management of osgoode schlatters disease
-PIER -roll/soft tissue mobility for quads -lower extremity mechanics
36
Prevention of osgoode schlatters disease
-diversify activity
37
What is severs disease
-irritation of the calcaneal tuberosity growth plate
38
MOI severs disease
-overuse -excessive traction of the achilles
39
Signs and symptoms of severs disease
-pain over achilles insertion into calcaneus -pain with forceful achilles contraction
40
Special tests for severs disease
-single leg calf raise
41
Acute care for severs disease
-stretch gastrocs and soleus -NSAIDS -heel lift
42
MOI little league elbow
-chronic valgus overload to medial elbow from throwing
43
What does little league elbow result in injuries to
-medial epicondylitis -medial epicondylar apophysitis -avulsion fracture -MCL sprain
44
Signs and symptoms of little league elbow
-pain and inflammation over medial elbow -pain and weakness with throwing -medial instability
45
Special test for little league elbow
-wrist flexor muscle testing -valgus stress -x rays
46
Acute care for little league elbow
-PIER
47
Prevention of little league elbow
-limited pitch counts -proper throwing mechanics
48
Other growth plate irritation sites
-distal radius -anterior inferior iliac spine
49
How may the distal radius growth plate become irritated
-gymnastics -from repeat load
50
How may the anterior inferior iliac spine growth plate become irritated
-tumbling sports -rectus femoris contracts strongly while on stretch
51
What to do for growth plate fractures
-rest, cast, or splint -surgical repair
52
Principles of splinting
-include the joint above and below the injury -pad the splint for comfort and added support -check distal pulse before and after splinting
53
What are types of heat illness
-heat cramps -heat exhaustion -heat stroke
54
Heat cramps
-muscle cramping during/after activity in the heat -thought to be caused by fluid and salt loss from sweating
55
What sport is heat cramps common in
-distance runners
56
Signs and symptoms of heat cramps
-pain -spasm
57
Acute care of heat cramps
-rest in a cool area -water/sports drink -gentle stretching or massage
58
Prevention of heat cramps
-sufficient hydration and electrolytes -avoid/minimize activity in high temperatures
59
What should heat cramps be used as
-seen as a warning to avoid more severe heat illness
60
What is heat exhaustion
-results from activity in hot temperatures -body's ability to regulate temp becomes stressed
61
Signs and symptoms of heat exhaustion
-normal or slighly elevated body temp -cool, moist, pale skin -headache -nausea -vomiting and dizziness -weakness and exhaustion -level of conciousness starts to decline
62
Acute care of heat exhaustion
-rest in a cool place -cold cloths in armpits, back of neck -cool water
63
What can happen if heat exhaustion is left untreated
-can progress to heat stroke
64
What is heat stroke
-results from untreated heat exhaustion -body becomes unable to cool itself
65
Signs and symptoms of heat stroke
-dry, red, hot skin -progressive loss of conciousness -rapid and weak pulse -rapid and shallow breathing -high body temp
66
What is heat stroke considered to be
-life threatening emergency
67
Acute care of heat stroke
-cool the body -give fluids -minimize shock -call EMS
68
What are cold-related emergencies
-frostbite -hypothermia
69
What is frostbite
-when body tissues freeze following prolonged exposure to cold -water within and surrounding cells freeze and swell which damages the cells
70
What can frostbite result in
-loss of digits or limbs
71
What is superficial frostbite
-skin only
72
What is deep frostbite
-skin and underlying tissues freeze
73
Signs and symptoms of frostbite
-decreased sensation -skin is cold and waxy -discolouration -tingling -swelling -pain with rewarming -blisters within 24 hours
74
What can happen to an area after it gets frostbite
-subsequent exposure can result in frostbite more easily in that area
75
Acute care of frostbite
-gentle rewarming by soaking in warm water -apply dry sterile dressing -gauze between fingers/toes -warm drink -blanket
76
What should you not do when someone has frostbite
-do not rub the area -can further damage the tissues
77
What sports is frostbite common in
-snowboarding -skiing -hockey -skating -fall sports that go late into the season
78
When should you refer to doctor in frostbite cases
-any signs of infection -red streaks -blisters -drainage -no return of sensation or normal skin tone
79
Prevention of frostbite
-dress in layers -removing wet clothing/gear -avoid extended time during extreme cold weather
80
What is hypothermia
-dangerous drop in body temp below 35 degrees celcius following extended exposure to cold
81
Signs and symptoms of hypothermia
-shivering -slow irregular pulse -slow breathing rate -numbness -confusion -drowsiness -pale cold skin -coma and cardiac arrest
82
What can hypothermia lead to
-shock -coma -cardiac arrest
83
Acute care of hypothermia
-ABC's -gradual rewarming with dry clothes, blankets, warm environment, heating pads -warm drinks if alert

KNPE 331 (12 decks)

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