Lecture 3 Flashcards by Emma Crawford

Why is keeping players medical records on hand important

-medical conditions
-allergies
-previous injuries
-emergency contact info
-level of experience/#yrs playing (may not know some of safety strategies)

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What are our key goals as an athletic therapist

-provide care to manage conditions
-minimize secondary conditions
-determine safe removal

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Questions to ask about safe removal from playing surface

-weight bearing?
-non-weight bearing?
-assisted?
-is advance care required?

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What can you do if you are unsure

-ask more questions (athlete, teammates, coaches)
-ask for help (student trainer, certified AT, doctor etc.)

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General hierachy of conditions (most severe to least severe)

-ABC, major bleeds
-aquired brain injury/concussion
-spinal
-fracture/dislocation
-sprains/strains
-abrasions

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Steps in emergency on field assessment

-survey the scene
-control the c-spine
-assess LOC
-assess vitals
-secondary survey
-head-to-toe

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Whats included in surveying the scene

-make sure its safe to approach
-what do you see

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What is included in controlling the c-spine

-block the head

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What is included in assessing LOC

-AVPU

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What is included in assessing vitals

-airway
-breathing
-circulation

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What is included in secondary survey

-rapid body survey
-history

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What is included in head-to-toe

-to identify any other injuries

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Primary survey summary

-survey scene
-c-spine control
-LOC
-vitals check

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How to conduct a scene survey

-any safety concerns to the immediate environment
-do you see any clues to indicate what happened
-did anyone see anything happen
-how many athletes are injured

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How to block the head

-place one head on athletes forehead to minimize movement
-ask athlete to remain still (avoid nodding)
-ask an assistant to take over c-spine control using in-line stabilization

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What does AVPU stand for

-alert
-verbal
-painful
-unresponsive

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Alert

-eyes are open
-able to verbalize

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Verbal

-responds to commands or questions

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Painful

-facial grimace
-flexion, extension, or withdrawl of body part
-moan or groan

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Unresponsive

-no response

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What to do when first when assessing athletes LOC

-remove mouth guard or anything in mouth

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Acronym to remember vitals check

-ABC’s

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How to assess airway

-is it open?
-position of head (in alignment or c-spine flexion)?
-unconscious?

How to open airway when not suspecting a spinal

-head tilt-chin lift

How to open airway when suspecting a spinal

-jaw thrust

Types of airways

-oropharyngeal airway -nasopharyngeal airway

How to measure oropharyngeal airway

-measure from ear to side of mouth on outside of face

What type of airway are athletic therapists not approved to use

-nasopharyngeal airways

How to assess breathing

-look -listen -feel

How to assess circulation

-do they have carotid pulse -obvious major bleed?

Secondary survey summary

-rapid body scan -history -decision on next steps

What is included in a rapid body scan

-quick scan checking for major bleeds, deformities or anything indicating a life-threatening emergency

What questions to include in history taking

-what happened? -any pain in head? -any pain in neck? -any pain in back? -any tingling or numbness in arms or legs? -can you wiggle fingers? -can you wiggle toes? -does anything else hurt?

Red flags for suspected spinal to call EMS

-any 2 out of 4 of following 1. central pain on palpation (of spinous processes) 2. tingling/numbness/unable to move extremities 3. mechanism of injury 4. unwillingness to move

What are indications that their should be a head injury assessment

-trauma to the head -pain in the head

What needs to be cleared in order to conduct a head injury assessment

-clear c-spine -clear red flags -check active ROM (flexion/extension/side bending /rotation)

Head injury assessment symptom check

-any pain or pressure in head? -any ringing in ears? -feel dizzy? -feel nauseous? -anything blurry or seeing double?

How many symptoms are needed to consider a concussion

-one -no return to play

Head injury assessment observable signs

-ears or nose for blood or fluid -look/feel for deformities in head -black eyes (racoon eyes) -bruising between ears -agressive/emotional behaviour -not making sense -altered speech -unable to focus -seizure

What is an acronym for ocular/motor screen

-PEARL

What does PEARL stand for

-pupils equal and responding to light

How to conduct an ocular/motor screen

-cover one eye and see what happens to the other -have them track your finger -test peripheral vision -test ability to focus on fingers

What can be included in cognitive screening

-orientation -immediate memory -delayed recall -concentration

Orientation questions

-what is todays date -which team are you playing -what venue are you playing at -when was your last practice

Immediate memory questions

-want you to remember these 3 words and then repeat back to me

Delayed recall questions

-recheck a few minutes later what the random words were

Concentration questions

-can you count backwards by 3 starting at 100

What to do on sideline for concussion testing

-SCAT6

What to include in head-to-toe check

-head -back -shoulders -chest/sternum -ribs -abdomen -back -pelvis -legs/feet -arms/hands

What are you looking for in head-to-toe assessment

-pain -bleeding -spasm -deformities -bruising/wounds -distal circ in ankle/foot -distal circ in fingers

What is considered to be a major fracture

-large bone -unstable or displaced -compound fracture (open)

What to do for major fracture or dislocation

-stabilize -treat for shock -call 911

Emergency medical conditions

-diabetic emergency -epilepy/seizures -asthma -anaphylactic shock -head/cold emergencies -abdominal injuries

What is shock

-circulatory system fails to adequately circulate blood -medical emergency

How to check for abdominal injuries

-split abdomen into 4 quadrants and palpate for pain or irregularities

Symptoms of shock

-pale, cool, clammy skin -rapid breathing -rapid and weak pulse -changes in LOC/confused -nausea -decreased blood pressure

Care for shock

-blanket to maintain body temp -rest in comfortable position that minimizes pain -have athlete lie down in necessary (increases blood to organs/brain) -reassure -oxygen if available