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Anatomy And Physiology > Lecture 10 - Integumentary System > Flashcards

Lecture 10 - Integumentary System Flashcards

(72 cards)

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1
Q

2 Main Components of Integumentary System

A

Cutaneous Membrane
Accessory Structures

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2
Q

6 Functions of Integumentary System

A

Protection
Excretion
Maintenance of Body Temperature
Melanin/Keratin Production
Synthesis of Vitamin D
Sensation

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3
Q

3 Layers of Integumentary System

A

Epidermis
Dermis
Hypodermis

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4
Q

3 types of receptors in Integumentary System

A

Tactile Corpuscle - Touch
Lamellated Corpuscle - Pressure
Nerve Fibres - Pain

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5
Q

2 glands in Integumentary System

A

Sweat Gland
Sebaceous Gland

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6
Q

4 other structures in Integumentary System

A

Hair Shaft
Arrector Pili Muscle
Hair Follicle
Cutaneous Plexus - Artery/Vein

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7
Q

Epidermis Definition

A

Superficial layer of Skin

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8
Q

Epidermis Tissue Type

A

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

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9
Q

2 types of skin

A

Thin Skin - covers most of body
Thick Skin - covers palms and soles

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10
Q

Papilla definition

A

Projection in the Dermis that interlock with the Epidermal Ridge
Creates Large Surface Area

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11
Q

Keratinocytes Definition

A

Skin Cells

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12
Q

Mechanism of Skin Renewal

A

As Keratinocytes divide, daughter cells are pushed superficially
As they are filled with Keratin, they die as they get to the surface

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13
Q

Layers of Thick Skin

A

Surface
Stratum Corneum
Stratum Lucidum
Stratum Granulosum
Stratum Spinosum
Stratum Basale
Basement Membrane

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14
Q

Stratum Corneum Definition

A

Layers of Dead, flat keratinocytes lacking organelles

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15
Q

Stratum Lucidum Defintion

A

Layer of Flattened Clear Cells

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16
Q

Stratum Granulosum Definition

A

Layer of Cells where Keratin is produced
Apoptosis occurs

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17
Q

Stratum Spinosum Defintion

A

Layer of Shrunken Keratinocytes

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18
Q

Stratum Basale Definition

A

Layer of dividing Basal Keratinocytes

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19
Q

EGF Definition

A

Epidermal Growth Factor

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20
Q

EGF Function

A

Stimulates Cell Division, Keratin Production and Glandular Secretion

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21
Q

Location of Epidermal Ridges

A

Fingertips

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22
Q

Epidermal Ridges Function

A

Provides Friction

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23
Q

Location of Thick/Thin Skin

A

Thick - Fingertips/Palms/Soles
Thin - Everywhere

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24
Q

Epidermal Thickness of Thick/Thin Skin

A

Thick - 0.6-4.5mm
Thin - 0.1-0.15mm

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25
Difference in Epidermal Strata in Thick/Thin Skin
Think - Thicker Lucidum/Spinosum/Corneum Thin - No Lucidum/Thinner Spinosum/Corneum
26
Epidermal Ridges in Thick/Thin Skin
Thick - Present Thin - Absent
27
Presence of Hair Follicles in Thick/Thin Skin
Thick - Absent Thin - Present
28
Presence of Sweat Glands in Thick/Thin Skin
Thick - More Numerous Thin - Fewer
29
Presence of Sensory Receptors in Thick/Thin Skin
Thick - More Numerous Thin - Sparse
30
Melanocyte Definition
Melanin producing cell
31
Melanocyte Function
Secretes Melanin into Keratinocytes
32
Trend in Melanin concentration and skin colour
Less Melanin = Whiter Skin
33
Cause of Freckles
More active Melanocytes
34
2 types of Pigments in Skin
Carotene Melanin
35
Carotene Features (
Yellowish Gained from Vitamin A
36
Melanin Features
Brown Protects from UV Radiation
37
Dermis Function
Supports Epidermis Uses Collagen and Elastic Fibres
38
2 Layers of Dermis
Papillary Layer Reticular Layer
39
Papillary Layer Definition
Areolar Tissue
40
Reticular Layer Definition
Fibrous Network
41
Hypodermis Features
Layer of Loose Connective Tissue Interwoven with Reticular Layer of Dermis
42
2 Tissues in Hypodermis
Areolar Tissue Adipose Tissue
43
Hair Follicle Functions
Protection Insulation Sensation
44
Hair Follicle Distribution
Thousands of Epithelial Cells : 1 Hair Follicle
45
Location of Hair Follicle
Deep in Dermis
46
3 Layers in Hair Structure
Medulla (Core) - Contains Soft Keratin Cortex - Thick Layers of Hard Keratin Cuticle - Thin Layer of Hard Keratin
47
4 Parts of Follicle Structure
Internal Root Sheath - Epithelial Cells surrounding Hair Root External Root Sheath - More Epithelial Cells Glassy Membrane - Thick Clear Layer Wrapped in Connective Tissue Sheath Connective Tissue Sheath - Protective
48
Hair Loss in Chemotherapy Mechanism
Cell Division in Hair Follicle is quick Chemotherapy targets fast dividing cells Therefore, Hair Loss
49
7 Steps of Hair Growth Cycle
Basal Cells Divide Daugther Cells are pushed superficially ~0.33mm/day Increasingly more Keratinised At End, Follicle becomes inactive Connections between hair matrix and root break down Old Hair Sheds New Hair Produced
50
Sebaceous Gland Function
Secretion of Sebum onto hair shaft
51
2 Sebum Functions
Helps waterproof skin Pathogen Protection - slightly acidic
52
Mode of Sebum Secretion
Holocrine
53
2 Functions of Fingernails
Protection Limits Distortion
54
6 Parts of Outer Fingernail
Free Edge Lateral Nail Fold Nail Body Lunula Proximal Nail Fold Eponychium - Cuticle
55
Component of Nail Body
Keratinised Epithelial Cells
56
Lunula Function
Maintains Nail Body Structure
57
Parts of Inner Fingernail
Nail Bed - Epidermis Phalanx Nail Root
58
Nail Root Function
Nail Production
59
2 types of Sweat Glands
Apocrine Merocrine
60
Apocrine Sweat Glands Function
Secretes odorous fluid in armpits (axillary) Causes Body Odour
61
Merocrine Sweat Glands Function
Discharge watery fluid onto skin surface
62
3 General Sweat Gland Functions
Skin surface cooling Excretion Protection
63
Cause of Skin Cancer
Uncontrolled Cell Replication 78% are basal cell carcinomas 2% are Malignant Melanoma (can metastasise)
64
3 types of Burns
First Degree Second Degree Third Degree
65
First Degree Burn Feature
Reddening of the Epidermis
66
Second Degree Burn Feature
Blisters
67
Third Degree Burn Feature
Sensory Nerve Destroyed
68
7 Steps of Skin Injury Repair
Bleeding Clot forms Cells migrate from stratum basale Phagocytic Cells arrive Mesh produced by fibroblasts Clot breaks up Epidermis is healed
69
Intrinsic Skin Aging
Reduction in cell activity, GF hormones etc
70
5 Intrinsic Skin Aging Characteristics
Dermal Thinning Wrinkling White Hair Increased Infection Risk Slower Healing
71
Extrinsic Skin Aging
Changes from Sunshine Exposure + Smoking
72
2 Extrinsic Skin Aging Characteristics
Increased Wrinkling Increased Skin Cancer risk

Anatomy And Physiology (10 decks)

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