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Anatomy And Physiology > Lecture 7 - Articulations > Flashcards

Lecture 7 - Articulations Flashcards

(74 cards)

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1
Q

Articulation Definition

A

Where two bones connect (Joint)

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2
Q

2 Functions of Articulations

A

Allowing movement
Stability

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3
Q

Two types of Joints

A

Functional
Structural

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4
Q

3 types of Functional Joints

A

Synarthrosis
Amphiarthrosis
Diarthrosis

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5
Q

Synarthrosis Joint Definition (2 points)

A

Immovable Joint
Interlocked surfaces joined with fibres, cartilage or bone

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6
Q

Amphiarthrosis Joint Definition (2 points)

A

Slightly movable Joint
Surfaces connected by collagen fibres or cartilage

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7
Q

Diarthrosis Joint Definition (2 points)

A

Freely movable Joint
Synovial Joint

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8
Q

3 types of Angular movement

A

Flexion/Extension
Abduction/Adduction
Circumduction

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9
Q

Flexion/Extension Definition

A

Angular Motion in the Sagittal Plane
Flexion = Reducing Angle
Extension = Increasing Angle
Hyperextension = Extension past anatomical position

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10
Q

Examples of Flexion/Extension joint

A

Head
Hip Joints

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11
Q

Abduction/Adduction Definition

A

Angular Motion in the Frontal Plane
Abduction = Away from Longitudinal Axis
Adduction = Towards Longitudinal Axis

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12
Q

Examples of Abduction/Adduction joint

A

Hip Joint/Legs
Wrists
Arms

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13
Q

Circumduction Definition

A

Circular Motion without Rotation
Combination of Flexion/Extension and Abduction/Adduction

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14
Q

Example of Circumdiction

A

Shoulders

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15
Q

Rotation Definition

A

Motion around Longitudinal Axis

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16
Q

3 types of Rotation

A

Light/Right Rotation
Medial Rotation (Internal)
Lateral Rotation (External)

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17
Q

2 types of Forearm Rotation

A

Pronation
Supination

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18
Q

Pronation Definition

A

Radius crosses over ulna
Turns palm to face posteriorly

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19
Q

Supination Definition

A

To anatomical position
Turns palm to face anteriorly

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20
Q

4 Movements of Foot

A

Inversion = Twist sole medially
Eversion = Twist sole laterally
Dorsiflexion = Flexion at ankle/Raise Toes
Plantar Flexion = Extension of ankle/Pointing Toes

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21
Q

4 types of Structural Joints

A

Bony Fusion
Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial

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22
Q

Main type of Bony Joint

A

Synostosis

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23
Q

3 Features of Synostosis

A

Synarthrosis
Articulating Bones Fused
Good for strength/stability

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24
Q

Example of Synostosis

A

Joint between left and right frontal bone

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25
3 types of Fibrous Joints
Suture Gomphosis Syndesmosis
26
2 Features of Suture
Synarthrosis Articulating bones interlocked by collagen fibres
27
2 Features of Gomphosis
Synarthrosis Tooth fits in socket attached by ligament
28
2 Features of Syndesmosis
Amphiarthrosis Bones connected by ligament
29
Example of Suture
Sutures in Cranium
30
Example of Gomphosis
Joints between teeth and jaw
31
Example of Syndesmosis
Joint between tibia and fibula
32
2 types of Cartilaginous Joints
Synchondrosis Symphysis
33
2 Features of Synchondrosis
Synarthrosis Bones attached by cartilage
34
3 Features of Symphysis
Amphiarthrosis Bones separated by fibrocartilage disk Larger cartilage disk = more movement
35
Example of Synchondrosis
Costal Cartilage
36
Example of Symphysis
Pubic Symphysis (Front Pelvis Joint)
37
2 Features of Synovial Joints
Diarthrosis Cartilage, synovial fluid and joint capsule
38
Example of Synovial Joints
Ends of long bones (Knees)
39
3 Features of a Synovial Joint
Articular Cartilage Synovial Fluid Joint Capsule
40
3 Features of Articular Cartilage
Smooth Covering Prevents Bone Touching Reduces Friction
41
2 Features of Synovial Fluid
High Protein Content Secreted by fibroblasts
42
3 Functions of Synovial Fluid
Lubrication Nutrient Distribution Shock Absorption
43
2 Features of Joint Capsule
Fibrous Connective Tissue Contains Synovial Membrane
44
5 Joint Accessory Structures
Cartilages Fat Pads Ligaments Tendons Bursae
45
Function of Cartilages
Cushions the Joint
46
Function of Fat Pads
Protection
47
Bursae Definition
Pockets of Synovial Fluid
48
Bursae Function
Cushions where Tendons and Ligaments Rub
49
6 types of Synovial Joints according to Articulating bone shape
Gliding Hinge Pivot Condylar Saddle Ball and Socket
50
Movement of Synovial Joints
Gliding = Slight Hinge = Monoaxial Pivot = Rotation Condylar = Biaxial Saddle = Biaxial Ball and Socket = Triaxial
51
Examples of Synovial Joints
Gliding = Claviculosternal Hinge = Elbow Pivot = C1/C2 vertebrae Condylar = Radiocarpal Saddle = First Carpo-Metacarpal Ball and Socket = Shoulder
52
Factors affecting Synovial Joint Function
Presence of Menisci, Joint Capsule, Ligaments Shapes of Articulating Bones Tendons and Muscles crossing joints Structures that may limit movement
53
3 Components of Intervertebral Discs
Vertebral End Plate Anulus Fibrosus Nucleus Pulposus
54
Function of Intervertebral Discs
Allows movement of Vertebral Column Small amounts of movement in multiple Intervertebral Discs = lots of movement
55
Mechanism of Damage to Intervertebral Discs
Nucleus Pulposus bulges out and distorts disc Area of Spinal Nerve becomes compressed
56
Glenohumeral Joint Definition
Shoulder Joint
57
Features of Glenohumeral Joint
Glenoid Labrum provides stability of the Glenoid Cavity Rotator Cuff provides stability outside the cavity
58
Articulations of the Glenohumeral Joints
Head of Humerus Glenoid Cavity of Scapula
59
Coxal Joint Definition
Hip Joint
60
Articulations of the Coxal Joint
Head of Femur Deep Aceteabulum
61
Feature of Coxal Joint
Stronger than Shoulder due to more ligaments
62
Articulations of Elbow Joint
Trochlea/Trochlear Notch Capitulum/Head of Radius
63
Elbow type of Joint
Hinge Joint
64
Articulations of Knee Joint
Two femur-tibia joints between Medial + Lateral Condyles/Menisci Patella-patellar surface of femur
65
Features of Knee Joint
Contains Bursae Contains Fat Pads 3 Ligaments
66
3 Ligaments in Knee Joint
Patellar Anterior/Posterior cruciate Tibial/Fibular Collateral Ligaments
67
3 types of Joint Injuries
Sprain Dislocation Subluxation
68
Sprain Definition
Tearing of Ligaments
69
Dislocation Definition
Articulating surfaces displaced
70
Subluxation Definition
Partial Dislocation
71
3 Joint Diseases
Osteoarthritis Rheumatoid arthritis Gouty arthritis
72
Osteoarthritis Definition
Damage to articular cartilage and underlying bone
73
Rheumatoid arthritis Definition
Inflammation of articular cartilage
74
Gouty arthritis Definition
Deposition of crystals in joint as a result of gout

Anatomy And Physiology (10 decks)

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