Lecture 11

Question 1

Sensory systems

Answer 1

Afferent. Triggered by external or internal stimuli. Transduced by special sensory organs. Interpreted in the brain

Question 2

Motor systems

Answer 2

Efferent. Once CNS integrates sensory info and coordinates a response, it is sent to a motor neuron that will operate on a muscle type and/or gland.

Question 3

Integration

Answer 3

Occurs in CNS. Neuronal connections integrate sensory input with past experiences coded in memory. Allows correct decision to be made for movement and behaviour. Each pathway within an integrates NS has multiple overlapping autonomic components. Complexity of integration increases in brain

Question 4

Cerebral hemisphere

Answer 4

covers most of the brain

Question 4

cerebellar hemisphere

Answer 4

fine-tunes movements

Question 5

Continuity

Answer 5

Brain stem is continuous with spinal cord that is encased in vertebral column. Everything is continuous

Question 6

Corpus Callosum

Answer 6

Neuronal processes that travel between hemipheres of cerebrum

Question 7

Gyri

Answer 7

raised, wrinkled parts of the brain

Question 8

Sulci

Answer 8

Shallow grooves and depressions in gyri

Question 9

foramen magnum

Answer 9

hole in cranium where spinal cord come out of

Question 10

PNS

Answer 10

Nerves that come in and out of spinal cord and brain stem and ganglia.

Question 11

Nerve plexus

Answer 11

network of intersecting nerves that arise from merging spinal nerves.

Question 12

White matter

Answer 12

Contains glia and myelinated axons. Electric impulses propagate here. If damaged, lose communication between CNS. Vascularised

Question 13

Grey matter

Answer 13

Contain glia, soma, dendrites, axon terminals, synapses (where integration occurs). Vascularised

Question 14

ganglia

Answer 14

houses cell soma. In autonomic ganglia, synapses form, in sensory, synapses form in CNS

Question 15

spinal cord and attached nerves

Answer 15

Divided into two symmetrical halves by the anterior median fissure (which is deeper and wider) and the posterior median sulcus. The anterior median fissure houses the anterior spinal artery. Central canal contains CSF. From each segment, dorsal (sensory) and ventral (motor) rootlets emerge. These rootlets join to form dorsal and ventral roots, which then unite to form a spinal nerve. Each spinal nerve exits the spinal canal through an intervertebral foramen.

Question 16

sensory ganglion

Answer 16

dorsal root ganglion contain primary sensory neuron and these are pseudounipolar neurons. Sensory receptors in periphery and synapses form in dorsal grey matter in spinal cord. Sometimes travel to brainstem