Lecture 7

Question 1

flexion

Answer 1

generally bending (reduction in angle at joint)

Question 2

extension

Answer 2

generally straightening (increasing angle at joint)

Question 3

abduction

Answer 3

moving away from the midline of the body (coronal plane)

Question 4

adduction

Answer 4

mowing towards the midline of the body

Question 5

Medial rotation

Answer 5

anterior surface turn medially

Question 6

lateral rotation

Answer 6

anterior surface turn laterally

Question 7

Pronation

Answer 7

flipping palm so that it faces posteriorly

Question 8

supernation

Answer 8

Flipping palm so that it faces anteriorly

Question 9

circumduction

Answer 9

drawing a circle with the most distal segment (combination of abduction, flexion, adduction and extension)

Question 10

Ball and socket

Answer 10

3 axis of movement (flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, medial/lateral rotation). e.g shoulder joint

Question 11

Condyloid/ellipsoid

Answer 11

2 axes of movement (flexion/extension, abduction/adduction) e.g first carpometacarpal joint at base of thumb.

Question 12

Hinge

Answer 12

1 axis of movement (flexion/extension) e.g elbow joint

Question 13

Pivot

Answer 13

rotation only e.g proximal radioulnar joint

Question 14

plane/gliding

Answer 14

e.g intercarpal joint

Question 15

Deltoid

Answer 15

Abducts shoulder joint, anterior fibres flex shoulder joint. Posterior fibres extend shoulder joint.

Question 16

Pectoralis Major

Answer 16

Breastplate. Adducts, medially rotates shoulder joint

Question 17

Latissimus Dorsi

Answer 17

Broadest muscle of the back. Extends, medially rotates shoulder.

Question 18

Muscles acting on scapula

Answer 18

Where scapula meets thoracic wall is not a joint, but, scapula can still slide over the top of thoracic wall muscles.

Question 19

Trapezius

Answer 19

shaped like a trapezium. different groups of fibres that act different

Question 20

Elevating scapula

Answer 20

uses descending fibres of trapezius

Question 21

Depress scapula

Answer 21

uses ascending fibres of trapezius

Question 22

Retract scapula

Answer 22

uses transverse fibres of trapezius

Question 23

upward rotation of scapula

Answer 23

uses ascending and descending fibres of trapezius

Question 24

Biceps Brachii

Answer 24

two headed muscles on the arm. Flexes elbow joint, supinates forearm, contributes to flexion of shoulder joints

Question 25

Brachialis

Answer 25

flexes elbow joint

Question 26

Triceps brachii

Answer 26

three headed muscles of the arm, extends elbow joint

Question 27

Anterior compartment of forearm

Answer 27

flexes and abducts wrist joint. Extrinsic muscles maximise forearm strength

Question 28

flexor carpi radialis

Answer 28

flexes and abducts wrist joint

Question 29

flexor digitorum superficialis

Answer 29

flexes proximal interphalangeal joint, metacarpophalangeal joint, wrist joint

Question 30

Posterior compartment of forearm

Answer 30

Extensors of the forearm.

Question 31

Extensor carpi ulnaris

Answer 31

extends/adducts wrist joint

Question 32

Extensor digitorum

Answer 32

extends interphalangeal joint, metacarpophalangeal joint and wrist joint.

Question 33

Extensor digiti minimi

Answer 33

extends interphalangeal joints and metacarpophalangeal joint of little finger

Question 34

Hand muscles

Answer 34

intrinsic for fine movement

Question 35

muscles of thenar eminance

Answer 35

three muscles at base of thumb

Question 36

muscles of hypothenar eminance

Answer 36

three muscles at base of little finger

Question 37

Brachial plexus

Answer 37

The brachial plexus is a network of nerves where fibres from different nerve roots criss-cross. It gives rise to nerves including the musculocutaneous, median, ulnar, and radial nerves. These nerves have both motor components (sending signals to muscles) and sensory components (receiving signals from the skin).

Question 38

musculocutaneous nerve

Answer 38

innervates brachiallus and biceps bracchi

Question 39

median nerve

Answer 39

lateral palm, palmar surface and fingertip lateral 3.5 digits.

Question 40

ulnar nerve

Answer 40

most intrinsic nerve. medial palm and medial 1.5 digits.

Question 41

radial nerve

Answer 41

posterior arm and forearm. dorsal surface lateral hand.

Question 42

Arteries

Answer 42

Becomes brachial artery where it crosses the inferior boarder of latissimus dorsi and teres major (around armpit). Bachial artery divides into radial and ulnar artery just distal to the elbow joint.

Question 43

Venous sytem

Answer 43

Return to heart is via the superficial and deep venous system. Basilic veins go deep to the deep fascia a ~halfway up the arm (humerus). Basilic vein becomes axillary vein where artery changes name. Somewhere around here, the deep brachial vein will drain into the basilic/axillary vein. Cephalic vein travels between the deltoid and pectoralis major, anterior to shoulder and drains into axillary vein.