lecture 11 - rehabilitative regimes and cultures

Question 1

rehabilitation is underpinned by?

Answer 1

• aims
• values
• principles
• etiological assumptions

Question 2

what are the origins of cognitive-behavioural offending behaviour programmes? OBPs

Answer 2

origins in canadia ‘what works’ psychological research

Question 3

what are prison based therapeutic communities? TCs
origins
what regime

Answer 3

• origins in social psychiatry
• distinctive regime for personality disordered offenders
• for serious offenders

Question 4

what embodiment of values is in rehabilitative cultures and enabling environments

Answer 4

• core therapeutic community values (TCs)

Question 5

2 examples of rehabilitation in prisons

Answer 5

• purposeful activities
• offending behaviour programmes

Question 6

accredited offending behaviour programmes have what type of participation

Answer 6

• ‘voluntary’ participation
• risk assessment
• treatment readiness

Question 7

offending behaviour programmes are mostly what type of program?

Answer 7

cognitive behavioural

Question 8

what is cognitive behaviouralism
crime results from what thinking process?
combined with…
reinforced with what behaviour?

Answer 8

crime results from
- distorted thinking processes
- combined with socially and experientially learned and
- reinforced maladaptive behaviours

Question 9

how does cognitive behavioural therapy change offenders?
links to what sociological theory?

Answer 9

• cognitions can be monitored and changed resulting in socially desirable attitudes and behaviours
• Links to bandura social learning theory

Question 10

how do prisons use cognitive behavioural therapy in prisons

Answer 10

for a fixed duration and mostly groupwork

Question 11

how effect are cognitive OBPs?
what programme can we use to improve them

Answer 11

mixed evidence and effectiveness (reconviction rates)
- may require booster programme
- or deliver cognitive OBP post-release in the community

Question 12

what does carlen 2002 say about prison not being a therapeutic setting

Answer 12

carceral clawback of security and control
- mostly concerned with keeping people locked up rather than sending positive messages

Question 13

what focus does the risk-need-responsivity model have

Answer 13

deficits focused

Question 14

what is the risk section?
what risk to focus on?

Answer 14

intensity and type of rehab programme must match the offenders assessed level of risk of re-offending
- focus on high to medium risk only
- may be harmful to low risk offenders

Question 15

what is the need level?

Answer 15

dynamic factors and criminogenic needs only
- need to only work on the things we can change = the big 4 variables

Question 16

what are the big 4 variables of the need section?

Answer 16

• pro-criminal attitudes
• people you associate with
• anti-social personality disorder
• offending history

Question 17

what is the specific responsivity section

Answer 17

treatment must be delivered using specific methods and styles to which offender will respond to

Question 18

what is the general responsivity section?
examples

Answer 18

use only what research suggests works
- correctional services advice
-accreditation panel

Question 19

what type of model is the good lives model

Answer 19

strengths-based

Question 20

what is the premise of good lives model

Answer 20

• people are goal directed and seek out primary good to increase well-being, fulfilment
• these are achieved through secondary goods (relationships, education, careers etc)
• offending happens when the desired goods are
  -not achievable appropriately,
  too limited,
  in conflict with other goals,
  or lack capacity to adapt

Question 21

in the good lives model how does treatment focus on meeting those goods?

Answer 21

holistically and pro-socially - more positive way of thinking
- avoidance or elimination of goals are not sufficient or always possible
- living a good life not just a less harmful one

Question 22

what are they key concerns for general offending cognitive behavioural OBPs?

Answer 22

• cognitive distortions and deficits
• poor consequential thinking
• rigid and dichotomous thinking
• poor impulse control

Question 23

what is an example of cognitive OBPs for general offending
how does it help

Answer 23

thinking skills programme
- develops problem-solving skills and
-social perspective taking

Question 24

what example cognitive behavioural OBP is applicable to multiple programmes

Answer 24

kaizen
because its relating to violent offences

Question 25

what contrasts cognitive behavioural approach

Answer 25

therapeutic community (TC) regime

Question 26

what do therapeutic communities regimes consist of for treatment

Answer 26

- small group psychosocial therapy - community meetings - rep jobs and communal living

Question 27

what is psychic determinism

Answer 27

everything has meaning - everything that happened to you as some meaning in your life and impacts the way you behave now

Question 28

what happens in small group psychosocial therapy

Answer 28

- slow open groups, non-directive - residents as auxiliary therapists - psychodrama and art therapy

Question 29

what happens in community meetings?

Answer 29

- democratisaiton and flattened hierarchy - self-policing and theraputic feedback - commitment votes

Question 30

what happens in rep jobs and communal living

Answer 30

- communal dining -social evenings and family visits

Question 31

What does early abuse, trauma and insecure attachment cause

Answer 31

- unconsicous conflicting motives - fears - unresolved conflcits resulting in maladaptive protective behaviours

Question 32

what does early abuse, trauma and insecure attachment require for treatment

Answer 32

strip them right back to where things go wrong and create alternative type of family in a secure base - environment that is secure and comforting and accepting - this environment allows corrective emotional experience

Question 33

what is social learning in therapeutic community regimes

Answer 33

two way communication of content and feeling, listening, interaction, and problem solving - trying to learn from each other by talking about your problems

Question 34

5 examples of TC in penal estate

Answer 34

- grendon - gartree - dovegate - warren hill - send

Question 35

when did grendon open

Answer 35

1962

Question 36

how many places in grendon how many for sexual offneders and how many for TCs

Answer 36

233 places 40 for sex offenders 20 for TC

Question 37

what was grendon used for?

Answer 37

for the damaged, disturbed, and dangerous

Question 38

what did grendon have the highest of

Answer 38

highest MQPL of Cat B prisons

Question 39

what does the prisoner have to do for TCs in the penal state

Answer 39

- prisoner must voluntarily apply and be assessed as suitable

Question 40

what is the minimum stay for TC

Answer 40

18 months

Question 41

is there CSU (segregation) in TCs

Answer 41

no

Question 42

what type of staff teams do TC have

Answer 42

multidisciplinary staff teams

Question 43

what disorder pathway are TCs embedded in

Answer 43

embedded in offender personality disorder pathway

Question 44

what is the estimated need for TC in penal state what % are men what % are women

Answer 44

2,392 prisoners 5% men 8% women

Question 45

how much of the prison population can currently benefit from TCs

Answer 45

less than 1% of prison population

Question 46

How TCs work?

Answer 46

- develop insight into ones life and behaviours - enculturation into the TC way - secure attachment to peers and staff role models

Question 47

what effect can TC have of higher expectations

Answer 47

pygmalion effect

Question 48

what is pygmalion effect of higher expecations in TCs

Answer 48

- self determination theory - culture carriers and normative compliance - can provide turning point for change

Question 49

self determination theory

Answer 49

people need to feel in control of their own behaviour and goals - sense of being able to take direct action that will result in real change in helping people be self-determined

Question 50

why are TCs unsuitable for most prisoners

Answer 50

they are distinct and marginal

Question 51

what do TC exemplify the importance of and encourage thinking about how to create

Answer 51

- rehabilitative culture - enabling environment

Question 52

why are TC rehabilitative values important what practices are important by staff

Answer 52

- the values are important in themselves but also essential for treatment efficacy - importance of pro-social modelling by staff and positive encouragement of change

Question 53

what should be embedded in the prison regime?

Answer 53

change for the better

Question 54

which model dominates theory of offender rehabilitation and is operationalised through cognitive behavioural OBPs

Answer 54

RNR model

Question 55

what do TCs offer an alternative on for what type of offenders

Answer 55

an alternative model of imprisonment and rehabilitation for personality disordered offenders

Question 56

what do TC values and practices provide a template for prisons seeking to provide an enabling environment and rehabilitative culture?

Answer 56

one in which the relational and organisational nature of the treatment setting facilitates change