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prisons and prisoners MCQ revision > lecture 20 - comparative penology (united states) > Flashcards

lecture 20 - comparative penology (united states) Flashcards

1
Q

american penal system is exceptionally

A

punitive

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2
Q

american has what type of political economy?
reliance on what?
political what?

A

-neo liberal political economy
-reliance upon penal controls
- political paranoia

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3
Q

what is a neoliberal system

A
  • free market capitalism with limited government
  • socially conservative
  • emphasis on individual freedoms and responsibilities
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4
Q

are there universal benefits in america

A

no
only minimal means tested welfare and healthcare

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5
Q

what type of legislative congress does america have

A

bicameral legislative congress
- 2 party politics
- SC political appointees

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6
Q

what two custodial sentencing acts are there

A

sentencing reform act 1984
violent crime control and law enforcement act 1994

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7
Q

what is there limited use of in sentencing

A

parole ‘truth in sentencing’ and earned credit

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8
Q

average time served in 1986

A

22 months

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9
Q

average time served in 2017

A

9 years

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10
Q

what is the impact of the war on drugs

A

longer sentences
disproportionately affects people of colour

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11
Q

what cutodial sentencing laws do they have in america

A

mandatory minimum terms
three strikes laws

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12
Q

what case introduced the three strikes laws

A

erving v california 2003

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13
Q

wh

A
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14
Q

life without parole is in all states except which one?
what purpose does LWOP have

A

alaska
has an expressive purpose

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15
Q

prison population in america

A

1,230,000

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16
Q

population per 100,000 in america

A

505

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17
Q

what is the occupancy rate in america

A

96%

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18
Q

what % of people of colour in prison

A

43%

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19
Q

what % of female prisoners

A

7%

20
Q

reconviction rate at 3 years

A

68%

21
Q

reconviction rate at 9 years

A

83%

22
Q

approximately how many of the federal population are imprisoned for drugs

A

half

23
Q

how much has the imprisonment rate gone up by between 1973 and 1990

A

tripled

24
Q

how many prisoners serving indeterminate sentences in america
how many are POC

A

1 in 7
2/3 of these are people of colour

25
Q

what % of people in city and county jails

A

70%

26
Q

what % of people in state and federal correctional institutions (general prison)

A

21%
4 categories

27
Q

what % of state and federal penitentiaries

A

9%

28
Q

supremaximum security is called what

A

ADX

29
Q

where are the federal supermaximum security prisons

A

ADX florence, colorado

30
Q

what is the state supermaximum security prison

A

standalone or integrated security housing unit

31
Q

what type of design are supermaximum security prisons

A

-brutalist design and solitary confinement
- concrete furniture and shower on timer
- constant fluorescent lighting and observation
- no work, programs or group activities
- solitary exercise in dog runs

32
Q

is the ADX contrary to the 8th amendment

A

no

33
Q

what are 2 controversial re-entry practices

A

-sex offender registration and notification schemes
-felony disenfranchisement

34
Q

what caused the sex offender registration
law
act

A

megans law 1996
adam walsh protection and safety act 2006

35
Q

have sex offender registration had a deterent effect

A

longitudinal studies show little to no deterrent effect

36
Q

out of 50 states how many impose disenfranchisement for felony convictions

A

48/50

37
Q

how many americans were locked out of 2020 elections?
how many were africa american

A

5.2 million (2.3%)
1 in 16 african americans

38
Q

what thesis is america based on

A

the exceptionally punitive thesis

39
Q

what 3 things make up the exceptionally punitive thesis

P
R
P

A
  • populism and electorate
  • religious fundamentalism and retribution
  • growth of privatisation and spending on priosn industrial complex
40
Q

what makes up populism in america

A
  • conflictual paranoid politics
  • higly partisan commerical media
  • role of victims families in public opinion
41
Q

what is the new penology loss of faith in

A

loss of faith in offender rehabiliation

42
Q

the use of what facilities has provoked international criticsm

A

supermax

43
Q

what is the political and public interest in reducing prison industrial complex driven by

A

pragmatic concerns with cost

44
Q

what does comparative penology demonstrate

A

political choice reflective of societal consensus

45
Q
A

prisons and prisoners MCQ revision (17 decks)

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