lecture 20 - comparative penology (united states)

Question 1

american penal system is exceptionally

Answer 1

punitive

Question 2

american has what type of political economy?
reliance on what?
political what?

Answer 2

-neo liberal political economy
-reliance upon penal controls
- political paranoia

Question 3

what is a neoliberal system

Answer 3

• free market capitalism with limited government
• socially conservative
• emphasis on individual freedoms and responsibilities

Question 4

are there universal benefits in america

Answer 4

no
only minimal means tested welfare and healthcare

Question 5

what type of legislative congress does america have

Answer 5

bicameral legislative congress
- 2 party politics
- SC political appointees

Question 6

what two custodial sentencing acts are there

Answer 6

sentencing reform act 1984
violent crime control and law enforcement act 1994

Question 7

what is there limited use of in sentencing

Answer 7

parole ‘truth in sentencing’ and earned credit

Question 8

average time served in 1986

Answer 8

22 months

Question 9

average time served in 2017

Answer 9

9 years

Question 10

what is the impact of the war on drugs

Answer 10

longer sentences
disproportionately affects people of colour

Question 11

what cutodial sentencing laws do they have in america

Answer 11

mandatory minimum terms
three strikes laws

Question 12

what case introduced the three strikes laws

Answer 12

erving v california 2003

Question 13

wh

Question 14

life without parole is in all states except which one?
what purpose does LWOP have

Answer 14

alaska
has an expressive purpose

Question 15

prison population in america

Answer 15

1,230,000

Question 16

population per 100,000 in america

Answer 16

505

Question 17

what is the occupancy rate in america

Answer 17

96%

Question 18

what % of people of colour in prison

Answer 18

43%

Question 19

what % of female prisoners

Answer 19

7%

Question 20

reconviction rate at 3 years

Answer 20

68%

Question 21

reconviction rate at 9 years

Answer 21

83%

Question 22

approximately how many of the federal population are imprisoned for drugs

Answer 22

half

Question 23

how much has the imprisonment rate gone up by between 1973 and 1990

Answer 23

tripled

Question 24

how many prisoners serving indeterminate sentences in america
how many are POC

Answer 24

1 in 7
2/3 of these are people of colour

Question 25

what % of people in city and county jails

Answer 25

70%

Question 26

what % of people in state and federal correctional institutions (general prison)

Answer 26

21% 4 categories

Question 27

what % of state and federal penitentiaries

Answer 27

9%

Question 28

supremaximum security is called what

Answer 28

ADX

Question 29

where are the federal supermaximum security prisons

Answer 29

ADX florence, colorado

Question 30

what is the state supermaximum security prison

Answer 30

standalone or integrated security housing unit

Question 31

what type of design are supermaximum security prisons

Answer 31

-brutalist design and solitary confinement - concrete furniture and shower on timer - constant fluorescent lighting and observation - no work, programs or group activities - solitary exercise in dog runs

Question 32

is the ADX contrary to the 8th amendment

Answer 32

no

Question 33

what are 2 controversial re-entry practices

Answer 33

-sex offender registration and notification schemes -felony disenfranchisement

Question 34

what caused the sex offender registration law act

Answer 34

megans law 1996 adam walsh protection and safety act 2006

Question 35

have sex offender registration had a deterent effect

Answer 35

longitudinal studies show little to no deterrent effect

Question 36

out of 50 states how many impose disenfranchisement for felony convictions

Answer 36

48/50

Question 37

how many americans were locked out of 2020 elections? how many were africa american

Answer 37

5.2 million (2.3%) 1 in 16 african americans

Question 38

what thesis is america based on

Answer 38

the exceptionally punitive thesis

Question 39

what 3 things make up the exceptionally punitive thesis P R P

Answer 39

- populism and electorate - religious fundamentalism and retribution - growth of privatisation and spending on priosn industrial complex

Question 40

what makes up populism in america

Answer 40

- conflictual paranoid politics - higly partisan commerical media - role of victims families in public opinion

Question 41

what is the new penology loss of faith in

Answer 41

loss of faith in offender rehabiliation

Question 42

the use of what facilities has provoked international criticsm

Answer 42

supermax

Question 43

what is the political and public interest in reducing prison industrial complex driven by

Answer 43

pragmatic concerns with cost

Question 44

what does comparative penology demonstrate

Answer 44

political choice reflective of societal consensus