lecture 10 - experiencing imprisonment (minority populations)

Question 1

what are 2 key minorities

Answer 1

women
people of colour

Question 2

what % of women are in prison

Answer 2

4%

Question 3

what % of people of colour are in prison?

Answer 3

28%

Question 4

who has a distinctive profile

Answer 4

women

Question 5

how many women in prison are mothers? distinctive pains

Answer 5

2/3

Question 6

what % of women have had incidents of self-harm

Answer 6

22%

Question 7

why has there been longstanding call for gendered justice?

Answer 7

distinctive profile of female prisoners means they require a different approach
- equal treatment to men does not mean identical treatment

Question 8

what pains do people of colour experience in prison

Answer 8

pains of institutional racism

Question 9

what % of women imprisoned for non-violent offences?
what are they mainly in for instead

Answer 9

69%
low-level but persistent property offending

Question 10

what % of women are imprisoned for less than 12 months

Answer 10

77%

Question 11

what % of women are serving more than 4 years

Answer 11

27%

Question 12

what % of women serving indeterminate sentences

Answer 12

10%

Question 13

what are womens killings typically?

Answer 13

expressive and relational

Question 14

who has a higher rate of arson?

Answer 14

women

Question 15

what % of women are BAME or other ethnic group? how long is their average sentence length

Answer 15

16% are BAME
17 months average sentence length

Question 16

what % of women are foreign nationals? what are they in for?

Answer 16

10% are foreign nationals
- drug importation
- immigration
- fraud

Question 17

how are female prisons described to be?

Answer 17

cinderella female estate

Question 18

how many female prisons

Answer 18

12 closed and open prisons in england

Question 19

how many female prisons are suitable for restricted status women

Answer 19

4

Question 20

what is the average distance from home for female prisons

Answer 20

60 miles

Question 21

how many spaces in HMP send therapeutic community?

Answer 21

24

Question 22

how many MBUs? for how many mothers and babies?

Answer 22

6 MBUs
60 mothers
70 babies

Question 23

HMP prison holloway closed when?

Answer 23

2016

Question 24

how many children a year affected by mothering in prison?

Answer 24

17,000

Question 25

what % of children are cared for by father?

Answer 25

9%

Question 26

mothering in prison may lead to what loss

Answer 26

loss of child to state care

Question 27

unwell women ended up being...

Answer 27

segregated or located on health care unit, often with inadequate specialist support

Question 28

why do women self- harm?

Answer 28

imported trauma from experiences of abuse

Question 29

what % of mental health problems for women in the last year?

Answer 29

76%

Question 30

what % of women experienced domestic violence

Answer 30

60%

Question 31

whos more likely to self harm

Answer 31

women

Question 32

what does self harm reflect feelings of?

Answer 32

-self disgust - powerlessness - rage - grief - depression

Question 33

what does gregory 2003 call omnipresent and competitive self-harm

Answer 33

mutilation marathon

Question 34

what is there a continuing focus on for women in prison?

Answer 34

continuing focus on early intervention and more community based solutions

Question 35

what is there a new emphasis on for women prisons policies and practices?

Answer 35

- whole system approach - gender specific - trauma informed policies and practices

Question 36

examples of new gender specific and trauma informed policies and practices

Answer 36

- prison design and architecture - therapeutic and practical interventions

Question 37

what is scotlands step change?

Answer 37

- £75 million superprison scrapped - new HMP cornton vale has 119 places - 2 community custody units opened 32 places

Question 38

what was there an introduction of for women prisoners in wales 2022

Answer 38

intro of residential women centres in wales and england

Question 39

BAME is not a ... group

Answer 39

not a heterogenous group

Question 40

what are black people overrepresented for?

Answer 40

- robbery - drugs offences - fraud - black on black gang violence

Question 41

what are pakistani men overrepresented for?

Answer 41

- child sexual grooming - drug offences - fraud

Question 42

who are strongly underepresented in BAME community for imprisonment

Answer 42

chinese and 'other' men

Question 43

what is the fastest growing sub-population in prison and why?

Answer 43

muslims - concerns about radicalisation to islamist extremism

Question 44

what is an example of racially motivated murder in prison?

Answer 44

zahid mubarek

Question 45

what does martin narey 2001 say about institutional racism quote

Answer 45

- institutionally racist organization - reflects institutionally racist white society - there are pockets of blatant and malicious racism within prison service

Question 46

what did the commission for racial equality 2003 do?

Answer 46

investigate zahid mubareks murder and racism in 3 prisons - found unlawful racial discrimination particular in PRACTICES RATHER THAN POLICY

Question 47

what did the keith inquiry 2006 find in prisons?

Answer 47

- casual disregard of explicit and prevalent racism - institutional religious intolerance

Question 48

how many recommendations did the keith inquriy recommend?

Answer 48

88

Question 49

what are 3 key recommendations from the keith inquiry 2006 investigation into zahid death

Answer 49

- abolition of enforced cell sharing - improved sharing of info about prisoners - improved assessments of mental health and risk to others

Question 50

experiences of differential treatment for BAME in prison?

Answer 50

- racial abuse and intimidation -unfair treatment in initial risk assessments, security re-cats - more likely to receive adjudications for minor offences - more likely to be unemployed or allocated to worst jobs with lowest wages

Question 51

how do BAME adapt to pains of racism

Answer 51

- fatalistic acceptance - collective resistance - individual rebellion

Question 52

how are organisational and legal responses addressing internal decision-making for BAME

Answer 52

- limiting staff discretion - defining racially motivated abuse and assault - using prisoner councils for grievances

Question 53

define racially motivated abuse and assault

Answer 53

any incident perceived to be racial by the victim or any other person

Question 54

how are organisational and legal responses creating a more diverse workforce

Answer 54

- addressing internal decision making - internal race relations policies - external legal sources of accountability