Flashcards in Lecture 11- Tuberculosis Deck (19):
1
Tuberculosis is?
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). Tuberculosis generally affects the lungs, but can also affect other parts of the body.
2
TB can cause puss in lungs, what does this look like on xray?
white fluffiness
3
Where is TB most prevalent
Developing countries
-Africa
4
TB sufferers in NZ are usually people who
were born overseas and migrate to NZ
5
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis strains?
M. tuberculosis (know this*)
M. bovis (cow TB)
M. africanum
M. ulcerans
6
two different classifications of mycobacteria?
1) TB
2) non-tuberculosis mycobacteria (NTM)
-rapid growing
-non rapid growing
7
Transmission of TB
Pulmonary route
-coughing, gets into alveoli, can float in dust (rare) therefore can be direct and indirect transmission.
Has to touch pulmonary alveoli macrophages.
-can also be drunk (cows milk)
8
LAM
causes TB to be eatin by WBC, keeps it alive and stops macrophage from signalling others
9
Commonly the IS doesn't sufficiently clear all the TB infection... what often happens?
Granuloma 'prison' formed.
-Middle= necrotic muck
-outer macrophages that haven't been allowed to die
-outermost CD4 lymphocytes telling macrophages what to do
Granuloma formed often in chronic diseases (if necrosis occurs then usually TB)
10
Latent TB infection
Most of the time infection is contained successfully by the granuloma.
Not always permanent
11
TB reactivation
Granuloma can fail, TB wakes up
when there is interference
-cancer
-age
-HIV
-steroids
-cancer
12
Extra pulmonary TB
TB in other places
-lymph glands
13
Miliary TB
TB is everywhere, blood, urine, lungs.
High risk of death
14
Samoa TB vs NZ TB
Samoan more common
15
Most common age for TB infection
Infection more common in children
16
How to diagnose TB
-suspicion
-collect sputum (look for TB)
-chest x-rays
-grow TB in lab
17
Stain to identify TB
due to mycobacteriums lipid rich wall they retain the stain and you cannot wash it out.
18
Is there any reason to treat latent TB
if they have rhematoid arthritis so the treatmnt they use (interfere with TNF-a) could reactivate TB
19