Lecture 12 - Cellular Respiration

Question 1

what are chromosomes made out of

Answer 1

repeating chromatids

Question 2

what is chromatin

Answer 2

DNA + packaging proteins

Question 3

are chromatins visible when cell is not dividing

Answer 3

barely visible

Question 4

in what is DNA loosely packed and accessible for cell

Answer 4

in chromatin

Question 5

describe chromosome structure

Answer 5

chromosomes -> chromatin -> nucleosomes -> DNA and histones

Question 6

events between 1 cell division and the next

Answer 6

Cell Cycle

Question 7

collective term for all of the DNA and associated proteins in a cell’s nucleus

Answer 7

chromatin

Question 8

a discrete, continuous molecule of DNA wrapped around protein. Eukaryotic cells contain multiple linear chromosomes, whereas bacterial cells each contain one circular chromosome

Answer 8

chromosome

Question 9

one of two identical attached copies that make up a replicated chromosome

Answer 9

chromatid

Question 10

a small part of a chromosome that attaches each sister chromatids to each other

Answer 10

centromere

Question 11

what is mitosis used for

Answer 11

growth, repair, renew, asexual reproduction

Question 12

what is mitosis not used for

Answer 12

sexual reproduction

Question 13

what are the stages of Mitosis

Answer 13

prophase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase

Question 14

what stage is cell not divided but very active

Answer 14

interphase

Question 15

what stage does mitotic spindle pull to aline all chromosomes in middle of cell

Answer 15

metaphase

Question 16

what stage does mitotic spindle break down

Answer 16

telophase

Question 17

what stage do all chromosomes condense (chromatin compact)

Answer 17

prophase

Question 18

what stage pulls on each side and separates sister chromatids

Answer 18

anaphase

Question 19

what state does nuclear envelope break apart - dumps into cytoplasm

Answer 19

prophase

Question 20

what stage does nuclear envelope reform

Answer 20

telophase

Question 21

what stage does chromatin unwind

Answer 21

telophase

Question 22

what stage does mitotic spindle attach to centromere

Answer 22

prophase

Question 23

(for purpose of this class) Cytokinesis __________ occurs without mitosis

Answer 23

ALWAYS

Question 24

what happens in cytokinesis

Answer 24

cytoplasm division of a cell at the end of mitosis or meiosis, bringing the separation into 2 daughter cells

Question 25

cytokinesis in animals

Answer 25

*cell membrane* | cleavage furrow results from contractile ring

Question 26

what is cytokinesis in animals done by

Answer 26

cytoskeleton filaments

Question 27

cytokinesis in plants

Answer 27

*cell wall* | construct a new cell wall

Question 28

what is cytokinesis in plants done by

Answer 28

Golgi Apparatus

Question 29

what phase does DNA get duplicated

Answer 29

interphase

Question 30

scientists design chemotherapy drugs to kill cells in what stage

Answer 30

metaphase

Question 31

chemotherapy drugs block sister chromatids in what stage

Answer 31

anaphase

Question 32

in what phase do chemotherapy drugs block mitotic spindle

Answer 32

prophase

Question 33

longest phase of cell cycle

Answer 33

interphase

Question 34

longest phase of mitosis

Answer 34

prophase

Question 35

what is apoptosis

Answer 35

programmed cell death

Question 36

True/False: genome doesn't have to be duplicated before cell division

Answer 36

FALSE! genome MUST be duplicated before cell division

Question 37

stretch of DNA wrapped around histones

Answer 37

nucleosomes

Question 38

are sperm and egg diploid or haploid

Answer 38

haploid

Question 39

You must be multicellular to be used for sexual reproduction

Answer 39

:) FREEBEE

Question 40

3 stages of interphase

Answer 40

G1 S G2

Question 41

what stage of interphase: cell grows and carries out basic functions • Signals tell cell to divide, stop for repair of DNA, die or enter G0

Answer 41

G1

Question 42

what stage of interphase: genetic material replicates

Answer 42

S

Question 43

what stage of interphase: cell prepares to divide and chromosomes begin to condense

Answer 43

G2

Question 44

what attaches chromosomes to the spindle

Answer 44

Kinetochores