Lecture 5 - Organic Molecules

Question 1

chemistry of the living world

Answer 1

organic chemstry

Question 2

chemical compounds that contain both Carbon and Hydrogen are considered _________

Answer 2

organic

Question 3

6 organic molecules found in the body

Answer 3

C
H
N
O
P
S

Question 4

describe dehydration synthesis

Answer 4

Monomer –> polymer

Question 5

describe hydrolysis

Answer 5

break covalent bonds = polymer –> monomer = releases energy

Question 6

name 4 organic groups

Answer 6

Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids

Question 7

organic molecules that contain a Carbon, Hydrogen, & Oxygen

Answer 7

Carbohydrates

Question 8

4 types of Carbohydrates

Answer 8

Monosaccharides
Disaccharides
Polysaccharides/Sugars
Oligosaccharides

Question 9

3 types of Monosaccharides

Answer 9

glucose
fructose
galactose

Question 10

3 types of disaccharides

Answer 10

sucrose
lactose
maltose

Question 11

4 types of Polysaccharides/Sugars

Answer 11

starch, glycogen, cellulose, chitin

Question 12

what is starch used for

Answer 12

plant energy storage

Question 13

what is glycogen used for

Answer 13

animal & fungi energy storage

Question 14

what is cellulose used for

Answer 14

nondigestible cell walls of plants

Question 15

what is chitin used for

Answer 15

exoskeleton of crabs, lobsters, & insects

Question 16

True/False: Sugars/Polysaccharides are simple carbs

Answer 16

FALSE! They are COMPLEX carbs

Question 17

what do oligosaccharides do

Answer 17

attach to protein on the cell membrane (use for cell-recognition) (blood type and tissues)

Question 18

name 3 types of lipids

Answer 18

triglycerides
phospholipids
sterols

Question 19

name 3 characteristics of lipids

Answer 19

• hydrophobic
• lg. areas with nonpolar bonds
• not polymers made of monomers

Question 20

2 types of triglycerides

Answer 20

saturated

unsaturated

Question 21

what does it mean to be a saturated triglyceride

Answer 21

saturated with Hydrogen single bond between Carbon = extremely linear

Question 22

what does it mean to be an unsaturated triglyceride

Answer 22

any triglyceride with greater than or equal to 2 bonds between Carbons

Question 23

what makes phospholipids unique

Answer 23

they have a phosphate head which is hydrophilic (tails are hydrophobic)

Question 24

True/False: all cells are coated with the phospholipid bilayer

Answer 24

True

Question 25

Name 1 characteristic of a sterol and what it is used for

Answer 25

Characteristic: 4 interconnected/fused Carbon rings Use: cholesterol used in cell membrane & to make other lipids

Question 26

Building blocks of proteins

Answer 26

amino acids = monomers

Question 27

what does the R group in proteins do

Answer 27

distinguishes 3-D structure

Question 28

4 folding steps of proteins

Answer 28

1. Primary 2. Secondary 3. Tertiary 4. Quaternary

Question 29

Which protein folding step is the overall shape arising from interaction between R groups and H2O (single peptide chain)

Answer 29

Tertiary

Question 30

Which protein folding step is the amino acid sequence determined (pre-determined) by genetic code/DNA

Answer 30

Primary

Question 31

Which protein folding step has interactions from coils, sheets, and loops

Answer 31

Secondary

Question 32

Which protein folding step has interactions between multiple polypeptide subunites

Answer 32

Quaternary

Question 33

Describe denaturation

Answer 33

loss of structure = loss of function due to CHANGE in heat, salt, or pH

Question 34

True/False: light/UV causes denaturation

Answer 34

FALSE! It's a CHANGE in heat, salt, or pH that triggers it

Question 35

is keratine a Carb, Lipid, Protein, or Nucleic Acid

Answer 35

Protein

Question 36

2 characteristics of Keratin

Answer 36

- water repellent | - structure stability (can be hard, soft, middle, etc.)

Question 37

3 types of Nucleic Acids

Answer 37

DNA RNA ATP

Question 38

describe DNA

Answer 38

hereditary material

Question 39

describe RNA

Answer 39

transitional copy of material

Question 40

describe ATP

Answer 40

short lived energy

Question 41

True/False: Some monosaccharides belong to other groups than Carbohydrates

Answer 41

True