Lecture 7 - Biological Energy Flashcards

(57 cards)

1
Q

stored energy available to do work

A

potential energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

(< , >) covalent bonds = > potential energy

A

>

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

energy being used to do work

A

kinetic energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

list 4 examples of kinetic energy

A

movement, light (photons), heat, electricity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

List the 2 Laws of Thermodynamics

A

First: all energy is conserved
Second: all energy transformations are inefficient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which Law of Thermodynamics:

  • energy can’t be created nor destroyed
  • only converted to other forms (burning wood)
  • energy transformations sustaining life are similar in all organisms
A

First

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which Law of Thermodynamics:

  • lose some energy as heat
    entropy (organization to disorganization)
  • organisms must use incoming energy & matter to remain organized
A

Second

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Describe Entropy

A

randomness, high to low concentration (organized to disorganized)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

True/False: The Second Law of Thermodynamics explains that organisms must use incoming energy & matter to remain organized

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

sum of all reactions in cells

A

metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

product of one reaction becomes substrate of another

A

chemical reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

two types of chemical reactions

A

endergonic, exergonic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

endergonic or exergonic

absorbed

A

endergonic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

endergonic or exergonic

released

A

exergonic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

endergonic or exergonic

  • releases energy
  • break apart large, complex molecules
  • cellular respiration
A

exergonic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

endergonic or exergonic

  • require energy to proceed
  • build complex molecules
  • photosynthesis
A

endogonic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

endergonic or exergonic

kinetic –> potential

A

endergonic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

endergonic or exergonic

potential –> kinetic

A

exergonic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

endergonic or exergonic

Dehydration Synthesis

A

endergonic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

endergonic or exergonic

Hydrolysis

A

Exergonic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

when exergonic reaction gives energy to an endergonic reactions

A

coupled reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

coupled reaction:

in order to make the covalent bond you’ve got to break the _______ bond

A

covalent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

coupled reaction:

glucose broken down becomes _____

24
Q

@ body temperature many spontaneous reactions proceed too slowly to sustain life

  • biological catalysts
A

enzymes (proteins)

25
True/False: enzymes help facilitate and make reactions easier
True: they're biological catalysts
26
when an active enzyme is prevented from binding to a substrate by an inhibitor
enzyme inhibition
27
2 types of enzyme inhibitors
- cyanide | - penicillin
28
inhibits a specific bacteria enzyme
penicillin
29
inhibitor that blocks ATP synthesis
cyanide
30
True/False: 2 enzymes can do the same thing
FALSE! No 2 enzymes can do the same thing
31
are enzymes destroyed after doing they're job
no
32
how do enzymes lose function
through denaturation
33
– Most reactions can proceed in both directions – If reactants accumulate, the reaction goes forward and vice versa – At _____________, reaction goes in both directions at the same rate – Cells must remain far from _________
chemical equilibrium | equilibrium
34
Use and Production of ATP
- Carbohydrates and fats are more stable energy storage molecules that, when degraded, are used to generate ATP - Because of its instability, ATP provides only short term storage of energy
35
region where reactant (substrate) binds - specific fit - reaction doesn't alter enzymes
active sight
36
protein that catalyzes a chemical reaction without being consumed
enzyme
37
amount of energy required to start a reaction
activation
38
Cell Membrane Transport: concentration gradient: membranes:
concentration gradient: solute = > concentrated in 1 region than another membranes: selectively permeable
39
form of passive transport not using a carrier protein = freely pass through membrane
simple diffusion
40
O2 and CO2 dissolve in water and freely move to enter and leave blood in lungs or tissues
Simple diffusion
41
simple diffusion of water across a membrane
osmosis
42
passive transport in which a membrane protein assists solute movement along concentration gradient
facilitated diffusion
43
Does facilitated diffusion require energy
no
44
what kind of transport does glucose use
facilitated diffusion: because it's too hydrophilic to pass through the membrane unassisted
45
how do aquaporins enhance osmosis
allows H2O to diffuse at much higher rate
46
True/False: diffusion is entropy
True high --> low
47
3 types of osmosis
isotonic solution hypotonic solution hyertonic solution
48
Type of osmosis: | solute concentration lower outside cell
hypotonic solution
49
Type of osmosis: | solute concentration higher outside cell
hypertonic solution
50
Type of osmosis: | concentrations equal inside and outside the cell
isotonic solution
51
Type of osmosis: | H2O doesn't enter or leave = cell stays same size
isotonic solution
52
Type of osmosis: | H2O leaves cell = cell shrinks
hypertonic solution
53
Type of osmosis: | H2O enters cytoplasm = cell swells
hypotonic solution
54
ability of a substance to cause H2O movement
tonicity
55
What type of transport: - Na+ and K+ pump: uses ATP to expel 3Na+ for every 2K+ - uses 25% of cell's ATP - gradients can be used as source of potential energy - ATP synthase in photosynthesis and cellular respiration
Active Transport
56
process of taking substances into a cell by surrounding it with the cell membrane
endoxytosis
57
when cell is getting rid of bulk amouns/large molecules of material
exocytosis