Lecture 17 - Species

Question 1

organisms that cannot only mate with each other, but produce fertile offspring

Answer 1

species

Question 2

population, or group of populations, whose members can interbreed and produce fertile offspring

Answer 2

species

Question 3

True/False: every species is reproductively isolated from every other species

Answer 3

True

Question 4

in order for species to be reproductively isolated, they must be separated by barriers which prevent gene flow

Answer 4

reproduction barriers

Question 5

what’s another name for reproduction barriers

Answer 5

isolated mechanisms

Question 6

how we build the organism classification based upon their evolution

Answer 6

phylogenetics

Question 7

modern biochemical and genetic analysis reveal relatedness among diverse organisms

Answer 7

phylogenetics

Question 8

give each species a scientific name/binomial name

Answer 8

taxonomy

Question 9

what does taxonomy fall under

Answer 9

classification system

Question 10

organisms are classified based upon their _____ and _____ _____

Answer 10

genetic and molecular relationship

Question 11

scientific name include _____ and _____

Answer 11

genus and species

Question 12

True/False: study of biochemistry and genetics show many organisms use similar chemicals and genes

Answer 12

True

Question 13

three domain classifications

Answer 13

bacteric
archaea
eukarya

Question 14

what domain is very diverse and can go through photosynthesis

Answer 14

bacteria

Question 15

what domain is extremophiles: live in extreme environmenets

Answer 15

archaea

Question 16

what domain has some methane producing organisms

Answer 16

archaea

Question 17

what domain lives in environments humans are used to

Answer 17

bacteria

Question 18

name a difference between domain bacteria and archaea

Answer 18

their cell walls are molecularly different

Question 19

True/False: archaea are eukaryotes

Answer 19

FALSE! They are prokaryotes

Question 20

Produce methane from hydrogen gas and carbon dioxide

Answer 20

Methanogens

Question 21

what domain do methanogens fall under

Answer 21

archaea

Question 22

require high salt concentration

Answer 22

Halophiles

Question 23

what domain do halophiles fall under

Answer 23

archaea

Question 24

extremely hot and acidic environments

Answer 24

Thermoacidophiles

Question 25

what domain do Thermoacidophiles fall under

Answer 25

archaea

Question 26

Extremely diverse collection of organisms

Answer 26

kingdom protista

Question 27

are organisms in kingdom protista prokaryotes or eukaryotes

Answer 27

eukaryotes

Question 28

Defined by exclusion – do not belong to any other kingdom

Answer 28

kingdom protista

Question 29

general term for any photosynthetic protist living in water

Answer 29

Algae

Question 30

algae falls under what

Answer 30

photosynthetic protista

Question 31

True/False: Algae can't form symbiotic relationships with other organisms

Answer 31

FALSE: They can!

Question 32

Dinoflagellates fall under what

Answer 32

photosynthetic protista

Question 33

are eukarya eukaryotes or prokaryotes

Answer 33

eukaryotes

Question 34

4 parts of domain eukarya

Answer 34

kingdom protista kingdom plantae kingdom fungi kingdom animalia

Question 35

what organism is primarily responsible for photosynthesis on our planet

Answer 35

algae

Question 36

True/False: Kingdom Fungi are photosynthetic and filamentous feeding structures

Answer 36

FALSE! They are NOT!

Question 37

what do kingdom fungi lack

Answer 37

chitin in cell walls

Question 38

two slime molds(don't live in dirt - recycle things on the surface) in kingdom fungi

Answer 38

plasmodial | cellular

Question 39

feeding stage of plasmodial

Answer 39

plasmodium

Question 40

where do fungi recycle things

Answer 40

in the dirt/ground

Question 41

are plants multi or unicellular

Answer 41

multicellular

Question 42

photosynthetics autotrophs fall under

Answer 42

kingdom plantae

Question 43

where do most plantae live

Answer 43

on land

Question 44

seedless, nonvascular plants

Answer 44

bryophytes

Question 45

Most closely related to vascular plants

Answer 45

mosses

Question 46

- Lobed “leaves” | - Most closely related to ancestral land plants

Answer 46

liverworts

Question 47

– Smallest group | – Named for shape of sporophyte

Answer 47

hornworts

Question 48

Seedless vascular plants

Answer 48

Ferns and allies

Question 49

* Have xylem and phloem that allow for true roots, stems, and leaves * Permits life in drier habitats * Xylem’s thick cell walls support larger plants * Well-developed cuticle and stomata to minimize water loss

Answer 49

Ferns and allies

Question 50

``` – Largest group – Fronds – leaves – Rhizomes – underground stems – Remains form coal deposits ```

Answer 50

True ferns

Question 51

– Lycopods – Club mosses and spike mosses – Not bryophytes

Answer 51

club mosses

Question 52

– 1 living genus Equisetum

Answer 52

horsetails

Question 53

– Simple plants | – Most have no obvious leaves

Answer 53

whisk ferns

Question 54

``` Seed plants live and reproduce in drier habitats – Pollen grains produce sperm cells – don’t need free water – Seed – young sporophyte packaged with food supply in tough outer coat - means naked seed – seeds not enclosed in fruits ```

Answer 54

Gymnosperms

Question 55

– Pine trees – Needlelike or scalelike leaves – Produce egg cells and pollen in cones

Answer 55

conifers

Question 56

– Primarily tropical or subtropical – Palmlike leaves – Large cones

Answer 56

cycads

Question 57

– Only one living species | – Ginkgo biloba

Answer 57

Ginkgo

Question 58

– Most distinctive/bizarre seed plants | – Ephedra, Welwitschia

Answer 58

Gnetophytes

Question 59

* Flowering plants * Flowers are reproductive structures that produce pollen and egg cells * Flower parts develop into fruit containing seeds * Flowers and fruits help disperse pollen and seeds

Answer 59

Angiosperms

Question 60

– Dual organism – Fungus harbors green algae or cyanobacteria – Photosynthetic partner contributes food – Fungus absorbs essential minerals – Important ecologically – Survive extreme environmental conditions – Can use lichens to monitor air quality

Answer 60

Lichen

Question 61

chemoheterotrophic, sexually-reproducing eukaryotes

Answer 61

animals

Question 62

Animals have two tissues that differ from other multicellular eukaryotes

Answer 62

- muscle | - nervous

Question 63

– Animals without | backbones

Answer 63

Invertebrates

Question 64

– Animals with backbones

Answer 64

Vertebrates

Question 65

where do humans belong

Answer 65

chordates

Question 66

True/False: chordates consist of vertebrates and invertebrates

Answer 66

True

Question 67

True/False: humans have the greatest advantage because of our muscle and nervous tissue

Answer 67

True

Question 68

5 Prezygotic barriers

Answer 68

``` ecological/habitat temporal isolation behavioral isolation mechanical isolation gametic isolation ```

Question 69

physical barrier

Answer 69

ecological/habitat

Question 70

not everything is on the same cycle (ex. trees releasing pollin)

Answer 70

temporal isolation

Question 71

(only applies to animal kingdom) harmony is wrong (ex. frogs with different mating cells)

Answer 71

behavioral isolation

Question 72

physiology of mating organs is incompatible with each other

Answer 72

mechanical isolation

Question 73

gamete proteins not compatible

Answer 73

gametic isolation

Question 74

3 postzygotic barriers (hybrids)

Answer 74

Hybrid inviability: dies before sexual maturity Hybrid infertility Hybrid breakdown

Question 75

offspring doesn't come to maturity = incompatibility | born, but doesn't reach sexual maturity

Answer 75

Hybrid inviability

Question 76

get viable offspring, but is steril (horse and donkey)

Answer 76

Hybrid infertility

Question 77

H x D = mule x mule = mule - doesn't go past this point

Answer 77

Hybrid breakdown