lecture 12 muscular and articular systems

Question 1

Closed Kinetic Chain Occurs when the body moves over a _____

Answer 1

fixed distal segment

Question 2

Open Kinetic Chain Occurs when the distal segment _____

Answer 2

moves in space

Question 3

Open Kinetic Chain Motion at adjacent joints often ____

Answer 3

unpredictable

Question 4

Advantages of Closed Kinetic Chain Tend to generate ____ _____forces through joints

Answer 4

stabilizing, compressive

Question 5

Advantages of Closed Kinetic Chain Weight bearing positions stimulate _______

Answer 5

mechanoreceptors

Question 6

Closed Kinetic Chain Mechanoreceptors activate _____ muscles promoting stabilization

Answer 6

synergistic

Question 7

Closed Kinetic Chain enhance _____ thus enhancing neuromuscular control

Answer 7

proprioceptive feedback

Question 8

Disadvantages of Closed Kinetic Chain Decreased ability to _____

Answer 8

isolate a single muscle group

Question 9

Disadvantages of Closed Kinetic Chain Allows _____ of distal joints which is often key in athletic performance

Answer 9

minimal acceleration

Question 10

Advantages of Open Kinetic Chain Muscle activity occurs predominately in prime mover thus easier to isolate _____

Answer 10

single muscle group

Question 11

Advantages of Open Kinetic Chain Allows for free movement and ______

Answer 11

rapid acceleration of distal segment

Question 12

Disadvantages of Open Kinetic Chain May introduce______ ______ across joints

Answer 12

shearing forces

Question 13

Disadvantages of Open Kinetic Chain Less co-activation of agonistic _____ and _____

Answer 13

synergists and antagonists

Question 14

Arthrokinematic Movements Small, involuntary movements between the _____

Answer 14

articulating joint surfaces

Question 15

Arthrokinematic three Movements

Answer 15

roll, slide, spin

Question 16

Arthrokinematic Movements all three movements happen during

Answer 16

knee extension

Question 17

If convex surface moves over stationary concave surface, slide occurs in ____ as movement of bony lever

Answer 17

opposite direction

Question 18

If concave surface moves over stationary convex surface, slide occurs in ____ as movement of bony lever

Answer 18

same direction

Question 19

Conjunct Rotation This rotation (spin) tends to occur as bone moves near it’s _____

Answer 19

end ROM

Question 20

Conjunct Rotation Involuntary arthrokinematic movement that occurs with another main movement at a joint

Question 21

Closed Packed Joint Position Joint surfaces are _______

Answer 21

maximally congruent

Question 22

Closed Packed Joint Position This is the position for ______

Answer 22

greatest stability of the joint

Question 23

Open Packed Joint Position Joint surfaces are relatively_______ in relation to one another

Answer 23

free to move

Question 24

Joint Play Refers to small amount of motion available within the joint which is not under ____

Answer 24

voluntary control

Question 25

______ Used as an assessment technique to establish the integrity of joint capsule

Answer 25

joint play

Question 26

If surrounding capsule and ligaments are too lax, joint may become _____

Answer 26

unstable

Question 27

Slow Oxidative muscles Slow rate contraction but not ____

Answer 27

easily fatigued

Question 28

Slow Oxidative Rich in _____, perform aerobic cellular respiration

Answer 28

mitochondria

Question 29

Slow Oxidative Found abundantly in muscles ____(tonic)

Answer 29

postural

Question 30

Fast Glycolytic _____ contraction but fatigue easily

Answer 30

Rapid rate

Question 31

Fast Glycolytic Perform ____ cellular respiration; Glycolysis

Answer 31

anaerobic

Question 32

Fast Glycolytic Found in higher concentrations in muscles used to achieve____ or generate great force

Answer 32

large ROM

Question 33

muscle shortening so Z-lines approximate

Answer 33

Concentric-

Question 34

muscle lengthening so Z-lines separate

Answer 34

Eccentric-

Question 35

muscle generates equal force while length changes

Answer 35

Isotonic-

Question 36

muscle generates force without lengthening or shortening

Answer 36

Isometric-

Question 37

____occurs in a muscle that crosses two joints when one end contracts eccentrically while other performs concentric contraction

Answer 37

Pseudo-Isometric-

Question 38

______Angular velocity produced by muscle remains same through contraction has to be produced by a machine

Answer 38

Isokinetic

Question 39

____ does not aggravate sensitive joint surfaces

Answer 39

isometric

Question 40

______ not efficient in terms of strength or endurance building

Answer 40

isometric

Question 41

best strength and endurance enhancements

Answer 41

concentric/ eccentric

Question 42

highest likelihood of injury

Answer 42

concentric/ eccentric

Question 43

safest form of exercise

Answer 43

isokinetic

Question 44

costly and not functional

Answer 44

isokinetic

Question 45

______muscle responsible for producing the desired motion; may be more than one for a given movement

Answer 45

Agonist

Question 46

____muscle having an action directly opposite the desired motion initially relaxes to accommodate motion (reciprocal inhibition) then acts as a “brake” to control the completion of the movement

Answer 46

Antagonist-

Question 47

______ A muscle that contracts at the same time as the agonist

Answer 47

Synergists

Question 48

A synergist which assists the prime mover when great force is required

Answer 48

Assistant Mover

Question 49

______Partially antagonistic muscles that control extraneous actions of the agonist

Answer 49

Neutralizer

Question 50

______Support a joint so that another muscle may act effectively at neighbouring joint

Answer 50

Stabilizers

Question 51

pronator teres controls supination action of biceps during resisted elbow flexion in neutral position

Answer 51

neutralizer

Question 52

brachioradialis assists brachialis with unresisted elbow flexion

Answer 52

Assistant Mover

Question 53

rhomboid stabilize the scapula to optimize GH movements

Answer 53

stabilizer

Question 54

____Origin is far from the joint so there is a greater rotary (vertical) component to the muscle force vector ex. biceps, brachialis, etc.

Answer 54

spurt muscles

Question 55

______Origin is close to the joint so there is a greater stabilizing (horizontal) component to the muscle force vector ex. brachioradialis, ECRB, etc.

Answer 55

shunt

Question 56

_____Amount of force a muscle can generate

Answer 56

Tension:

Question 57

In______ muscles crossing multiple joints (generally)

Answer 57

active insufficiency

Question 58

______ Occurs when sarcomeres are maximally overlapped so no further force can be produced

Answer 58

Active Insufficiency:

Question 59

Passive Insufficiency Occurs in ____ muscles

Answer 59

inactive

Question 60

________ Stretch in muscle and tendon is large enough to limit full ROM

Answer 60

Passive Insufficiency:

Question 61

Velocity of contraction is maximal when _____

Answer 61

resisting force is zero

Question 62

Force is maximal when velocity is ____ ie. isometric contraction

Answer 62

zero

Question 63

Concentric Contraction: As velocity increases, force _____

Answer 63

decreases

Question 64

Eccentric Contraction: As velocity increases, force _____

Answer 64

increases