Lecture 3 muscles and directional terminology Flashcards by Drew Smith

Myofibril

the smallest unit of muscle

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

muscle fibre myofibre

a group of myofibrils incased in a fascial sleeve

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

fascicle

a group of muscle fibres encased in a fascial sleeve

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

skeletal muscle

a group of fascicles incased in a fascial sleeve

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

fascia

fibrous membrane covering supporting and seperating muscle

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

aponeurosis

sheet like tendon joining one muscle with another or muscle with bone

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

tendon

white fibrous cord of dense regular connective tissue which attaches muscle to bone

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

3 types of muscle

skeletal, cardiac, smooth

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

skeletal muscle description

striated, alternating light and dark bands, voluntary, fibre direction run parallel to direction of muscle pull

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

cardiac muscle description

striated, involuntary, has intercalated discs at cell bifurcations

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

smooth muscle description

non striated, involuntary, present in gastrointestinal tract, blood vessels, airways, hair follicles

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

5 functions of muscles

motion, maintain posture, venous flow, thermogenesis, register volume of internal organs

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

6 fibre arrangements

longitudinal, quadrate, triangular, circular, fusiform, penniform

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

longitudinal description

long strap like fibres run parallel to the longitudinal axis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

longitudinal examples

sartorius, rectus abdominus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Quadrate description

flat, fan-shaped muscle fibres that run parallel to line of pull

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

quadrate examples

pronator, quadratus, rhomboids

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

triangular description

flat, fan- shaped muscle with fibres that radiate from a narrow attachment to a broad attachment

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

triangular examples

pectoralis major

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

circular description

circular, typically sphincter muscles that surround an opening

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

circular example

orbicularis oris

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

fusiform description

round, spindle- shaped, tapered at both ends

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

fusiform examples

brachialis, brachioradialis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

3 types of penniform

unipenniform, bipenniform, multipenniform

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

unipenniform description

short parallel fibres originating from one side of tendon

unipenniform examples

extensor digitorum longus, tibialis posterior

bipenniform description

double pennate fibres on both sides of a central tendon

bipenniform examples

rectus femoris, flexor hallicus longus

multipenniform description

several tendons with muscle fibres running diagonally between

multipenniform example

deltoid

origin definition

proximal attachment or stationary bone

insertion

distal attachment or moving bone

prime mover

muscle directly responsible for producing desired motion

synergist

muscle that assists the prime mover

antagonist

muscle that has an action opposite of the prime mover

7 factors of naming muscles

direction, size, shape, action, location, number of orgins, orgin and insertion

anterior/ventral

front

posterior, dorsal

back

proximal

closer to trunk

distal

further away from trunk

medial

closer to middle

lateral

further away from middle

inferior caudal

toward feet

superior/ rostral/ cephalad

toward the head

external

toward outside or away from middle

internal

toward inside or middle

ipsilateral

to same side

contralateral

to opposite side

unilateral

one side only

bilateral

both sides

frontal/ coronal plane

vertical anterior and posterior halves

sagittal

vertical left and right halves

transverse

horizontal top and bottom

flexion

decrease angle between bones

extension

increase angle between bones

abduction

movement away from midline

adduction

movement toward midline

medial (internal) rotation

anterior surface of bone toward midline

lateral (external rotation)

posterior surface of bone toward midline

circumduction

combination of motions so the end of the bone moves in a circle

(jaw) elevation

closing mouth

(jaw) depression

opening mouth

(jaw) protrusion/protraction

chin out

(jaw) retrusion/ retraction

chin in

(scapula) protraction

away from midline around ribs (rolled shoulders)

(scapula) rectraction

toward midline

(scapula) superior rotation

glenoid fossa faces superiorly

(scapula) inferior rotation

glenoid fossa faces inferiorly

(scapula) medial rotation

medial border lifts from thorax

(scapula) upward tip

inferior pole lifts from thorax

(shoulder) elevation

humeral head moves superior

(shoulder) depression

humeral head moves inferior

(elbow and wrist) pronation

palm down/ posteriorsu

(elbow and wrist) supination

palm up/ anterior

(elbow and wrist) radial deviation

hand and wrist toward radial side

(elbow and wrist) ulnar deviation

hand hand wrist toward ulnar side

(foot and ankle) plantarflexion

sole of foot downward

(foot and ankle) dorsiflexion

top of foot toward shin

(foot and ankle) inversion

sole of foot inward

(foot and ankle) eversion

sole of foot outward

(spine) right lateral flexion

movement in the frontal plane around an anterior posterior axis

(spine) left lateral flexion

movement in the frontal plane around an anterior posterior axis

(spine) flexion

bending anteriorly in the sagittal plane around the medial/ lateral axis

(spine) extension

bending anteriorly in the sagittal plane around the medial/ lateral axis

(spine) right rotation

twisting around the vertical axis so that the anterior surface of the spine faces right

(spine) left rotation

twisting around the vertical axis so that the anterior surface of the spine faces left