Lecture 13 Immune Dysfunction pt. 1

Question 1

What is immunodeficiency?

What is the difference between primary and secondary immunodeficiency?

Answer 1

1. Immune system does not work correctly 2. Primary is an immune error you are born with, secondary is developed from something in your life.

Question 2

What effects do primary immunodeficiency have on the human body?

Answer 2

-over 50% involve B-cell defects -If it involves thymus, T-cells cannot mature

Question 3

Why is secondary immunodeficiency more common?

Answer 3

Immune function declines as we age

Question 4

How can drugs cause immunodeficiency?

Can this be counteracted?

Answer 4

Certain drugs suppress immune system

• Make patient susceptible to infections

Reversible, but not always option

Question 5

How do pathogens affect the immune system?

Answer 5

Inhibit immune system and leave it susceptible to secondary infection

HIV, Measles…

Question 6

What defense does the human body have against Cancer?

What can make patients more susceptible to cancers?

Answer 6

Cytotoxic T-cells destroy cancer cells.

HIV and Transplants (suppress immune system)

Question 7

What are immunotherapies?

Answer 7

-Boosts anticancer immune system

Question 8

What type of immunotherapy is this:

Gardasil vaccin to prevent HPV causing cervical cancer

Answer 8

Prophylactic (preventative)

Question 9

What type of immunotherapy is this:

Monoclonal antibody given to metastatic melanoma patient

Answer 9

Therapeutic (treatment)

Question 10

How does autoimmunity affect the human body?

Answer 10

• Treatment leads to immunosuppression
• immune system attacks its own healthy tissue
• Chronic damage to tissue

Question 11

What is the difference between Systemic and localized autoimmune disorders?

Give example of each

Answer 11

1. Systemic- many different tissues; Lupus
2. Localized- Joints; Rheumatoid arthritis

Question 12

What causes type 1 hypersensitivity?

Give examples of types

Answer 12

Reaction to allergy by IgE antibody

Atopic asthma/atopic dermatitis

Question 13

What are the two stages of Hypersensitivity Type I?

Answer 13

1. Sensitizing exposure: body encounters the harmless allergen
   - immune system makes IgE
2. Post sensitizing exposure: allergen binds to the IgE
   - causes Mast cells and Basophils to release histamine

Question 14

What is the difference between localized and systemic anaphylaxis?

Answer 14

Localized anaphylaxis= Isolated symptoms (watery eyes)

Systemic anaphylaxis= System-wide symptoms (anaphylactic shock) (required epipen)