Lecture 13: Respiration - 11/1 Flashcards
What is aerobic respiration?
The release of chemical energy stored in carbohydrates; cellular respiration in the presence of oxygen
How many carbons does sucrose have?
12 carbons
What are the three parts which make up a nucleotide?
A phosphate group, pentose sugar group (5 carbons), and a nitrogenous base
What are the three stages in aerobic respiration?
Glycolysis
Krebs/citric acid cycle
Oxidative phosphorylation (ETC + chemiosmosis)
Which stages of aerobic respiration take place inside the mitochondria?
Krebs/citric acid cycle
Oxidative phosphorylation
Glycolysis
A process which breaks down sugar to produce 4 pyruvate, 4 ATP, and 4 NADH
Krebs cycle
Oxidizes pyruvate, producing 3 CO2, 1 ATP, 4 NADH, and 1 FADH2
Inter membrane space in mitochondria
The space between the outer and inner membranes in mitochondria
Mitochondrial matrix
The area inside a mitochondria’s inner membrane
What is the purpose of NADH and FADH2?
They act as electron donors in the ETC (electron transport chain)
What is the difference between NADH and NADPH?
NADH is an electron donor in cellular respiration; NADPH is an electron donor in photosynthesis
What is the final electron acceptor in the ETC?
O2. It is reduced to H2O
How does the ETC generate a proton (or electrochemical) gradient?
The free energy produced by the ETC’s transfer of electrons is used to create a proton gradient by pumping protons into the inter membrane space
Free energy is produced because electron carriers such as NADH donate electrons to electron carriers in the ETC in an exergonic (releases energy) process
How does ATP synthase work?
It couples the movement of protons due to the proton (electrochemical) gradient with the synthesis of ATP
How does the absence of oxygen affect cellular respiration?
The Krebs cycle and ETC stop, and only glycolysis can continue
