LECTURE 14

Question 1

causes of infertility (5)

Answer 1

1 . low sperm count due to hormoes

2. poor sperm health (genetic/environmental)
3. immune attack on sperm
4. failure to ovulate (hormonal or physical)
5. structural and functional problmes with oviducts and uterus preventing fertilization, implantation, or subsequent event like formation of the placenta

Question 2

what kind of tissues do mitochondrial mutations affect?

Answer 2

tissues requiring high amounts of atp

tissues that require synthesis of sufficient quantities of functional mitochondria proteins (coded for by the mtDNA)

Question 3

what is lebers hereditary optic neuropathy? (LHON)

Answer 3

degeneration of optic nerve accompanied by increasing blindness. caused by missence mutation in mtDNA gene encoding for subunit of NADH-CoQ reductase

Question 4

what can be done for lebers hereditory optic neuropathy

Answer 4

mitochondria from a healthy woman are injected into the oocyte of woman with mictochondrial disorder

Question 5

sexual dysfunction 4 categories

Answer 5

desire
arousal (erection/lubrication)
orgasmic (orgasm too early, late, not at all)
sexual pain (dyspareunia/vaginismus)

Question 6

what are drugs for ED

Answer 6

aporstadil

• prostoglandin E1
• vasodilatory properties
• used as a penile suppository or is injected directly into corpus cavernosum
• effective for 30-60 min

viagra/cialis/levitra

• inhibits cGMP specific phosphodiesterase PDE5
• this prevents PDE5 from degrading cGMP in corpus cavernosum
• drugs bind and prevent activity of PDE5 in the corpus
• does not work without sexual stimuation

Question 7

invitro fertilization

Answer 7

couples who cannot conceive

Question 8

gestational carrier

Answer 8

donors uterus, but patients gametes

Question 9

surrogate

Answer 9

use donors egs and uterus

Question 10

GIFT vs. ZIFT

Answer 10

gamete interfallopian transfer/zygote interfallopian transfer

implanting a zygote more risks, but higher successrate than implanting a gamete

Question 11

artificial insemination

Answer 11

manually deposit sperm

Question 12

embryo transfer

Answer 12

embryo placed in uterus coupled with invitro fertilization usually

Question 13

intracytopasmic sperm injection

Answer 13

single sperm injected into an egg

Question 14

ooplasmic/cytoplasmic transfer

Answer 14

inject cytoplasm of egg with donor to give healthy mitochondria

Question 15

preimplantion genetic dianosis

Answer 15

perform genetic tests on embryo made in vitro prior to implantation