LECTURE 16

Question 1

what is tubal ligation

Answer 1

fallopian tubes are either cut and tied, cut and cauterized, clamped - method of sterilization

Question 2

what is a vasectomy

Answer 2

each vas deferens is cut and ends are sealed by cauterizing, metal clamps, stitches, or combination - method of sterilization

Question 3

hormonal birth control combination pill

Answer 3

combinatino of synthetic progesterone and estrogen

prevents ovulation by preventing:

• tertiary follicle growth
• FSH surge and LH secretion

Question 4

what are the risks of the pill?

Answer 4

increased risk if heavy smoker and >35 because it increases blood clot risk by 80X

slight increase in risk for uterine and breast cancer

slight decrease in risk for ovarian cancer

Question 5

mini pill

Answer 5

contains low level of progesterone. can block ovulation but mainly causes change in cervical mucus (hostile to sperm transport and impedes egg transport and implantation)

Question 6

plan B

Answer 6

prevents implantation and in some cases, ovulation

Question 7

patch

Answer 7

similar hormone composition as the pill, hormones delivered by plastic patch on skin. changed every week, 4th week off. target ovulation

Question 8

nuva ring

Answer 8

hormones within plastic ring diffuse out. target ovulation

Question 9

how is IUD- intra uterine device placed?

Answer 9

Tube containing IUD is inserted into uterus, iud positioned up to the top wall of uterus, tube is removed.

Question 10

what are 2 types of IUD

Answer 10

1. copper wire is coiled around plastic (copper ions cause inflammation of tissues so that egg can not implant (can be left in place for 10 years)
2. progesterone in plastic that diffuses out over time causes a change in local environment. egg cannot implant. can be left in place for up to 5 years