LECTURE 15

Question 1

what can be done for breastcancer what does survival depend on?

Answer 1

lumpectomy: removal of cancerous lump

survival depends on how big the lump is when it is found

Question 2

7 ps of breast exam

Answer 2

1. positions
2. perimeter (colar bone to bra line, sternum to armpit)
3. palpation - use finger pads to feel
4. pressure - use 3 different levels of pressure
5. pattern
6. practice with feedback
7. plan of action

Question 3

what are symptoms of breast cancer?

Answer 3

breast lump or lump in armpit that is hard and has uneven edges (does not hurt)

change in shape size or feel of breast or nipple (dimpling, puckering)

fluid coming from nipple

Question 4

what are advanced symptoms of breast cancer

Answer 4

bone pain
breast pain
skin ulcers
swelling of one arm
weight loss

Question 5

what are the 2 main types of breast cancer?

Answer 5

ducal carcinoma which starts in the ducts moving milk from breast to nipple (most)

lobular carcinoma (starts in lobules that produce milk)

Question 6

what hormone are many breast cancers associated with?

Answer 6

estrogen–estrogen may cause breast cancer tumor to grow

Question 7

what do you call breast cancers that are sensitive to estrogen?

Answer 7

estrogen receptor positive cancer or ER postive cancer

Question 8

what is HER2 Positive breast cancer

Answer 8

breast cancer that tests postive for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 which promotes growth of cancer cells. in 1/5 breast cancers, cancer cells make an excess of HER 2 due to gene mutation.

Question 9

Are HER 2 positive breast cancers more aggressive than other breast cancers?

Answer 9

yes

Question 10

what are female cancers?

Answer 10

ovarian, cervical, breast, uterine, vulvar, anal, pituitary

Question 11

ovarian cancer:

Answer 11

diagnosed late because its hard to feel. ovaries must be removed

Question 12

uterine cancer

Answer 12

if you remove uterus and ovaries you get instant menopause, but you can remove uterus without removing ovaries and keep hormonal cycles the same

Question 13

what is HPV? what does it affect

Answer 13

human papilloma virus that mostly affects skin and mucous membranes

Question 14

how many HPVs have been identified? and how many are sexually transmitted?

Answer 14

130 types, 30-40 sexualy transmitted

Question 15

symptoms/problems

Answer 15

some cause worts or have no symptoms, some hpvs cause cancer (cervical cancers linked to hpv)

Question 16

cancers caused by HPV

Answer 16

cervical, uterine, vulvar, anal, penile, other

Question 17

what are male cancers

Answer 17

prostate, penile, anal, testicular, pituitary

Question 18

most common cancer in men between 15-35 yrs

Answer 18

testicular cancer

Question 19

ethnicity at higest risk?

Answer 19

white men > african american and asian american

Question 20

what are the 2 types of testicular cancers

Answer 20

seminomas and nonseminomas

Question 21

what is a seminoma

Answer 21

seminoma: slow gorwing form of testicular cancer (30s - 40s years old). cancer is

Question 22

what is a nonseminoma

Answer 22

seminoma: slow gorwing form of testicular cancer (30s - 40s years old). cancer is

Question 23

what is a rare type of testicular tumor?

Answer 23

stromal tumor. usually not cancerous. can be leydig cell tumors or sertoli cell tumors. these usually occur during childbirth