Lecture 15: Accessory Digestive Organs, Topography, & Blood Supply (Exam 2)

Question 1

Fill out the chart on the topography of the listed organs:

Answer 1

Question 2

Do equine have a gallbladder

Answer 2

NO

Question 3

Fill out the chart

Answer 3

Question 4

What is a difference of the liver in equine

Answer 4

It does NOT extend to the abdominal floor like in dogs

Question 5

Label the following

Answer 5

Question 6

Label the following:

Answer 6

Question 7

Label the following:

Answer 7

Question 8

Label the following:

Answer 8

Question 9

What is the yellow arrow pointing to

Answer 9

Epiploic foramen (opening into the omental bursa

Question 10

What is the epiploic foramen opening into

Answer 10

The omental bursa

Question 11

What is the epiploic foramen bounded by? What can become entrapped @ the epiploic foramen

Answer 11

• Dorsally - caudal vena cava & caudate lobe of the liver
• Ventrally - Hepatic portal vein & pancreas
• The small intestine (the ileum or the ileum + jejunum

Question 12

Label the following

Answer 12

Question 13

Label the following (1,2,6’, 6”, 9, & 10):

Answer 13

• 1: Spleen
• 2: Fundus of stomach
• 6’: Cranial duodenal flexure duodenum
• 6”: Descending duodenum
• 9: Body of the pancreas
• 10: Hepatic portal vein

Question 14

Where is the pancreas found

Answer 14

• Largely to the right of the median plain
• Pressed against the dorsal wall of the abdomen

Question 15

Describe how the parts of the pancreas connect to the rest of the GI organs

Answer 15

• The body extends into the cranial duodenal flexure
• Right lobe contacts to the descending duodenum
• Left lobe extends toward the left kidney, contacts spleen, & fundus of the stomach
• Forms a ring (anulus) around the hepatic portal vein
• Ventral surface is directly bound to the right dorsal colon & cecal base, the dorsal surface to the right kidney & liver

Question 16

Where is the bulk of the liver found

Answer 16

Located to the right of the median plane

Question 17

What rib/IC space is the point of the elbow aligned w/

Answer 17

4th rib/IC space

Question 18

What can be used to the determine the location of the 6th rib/ICS

Answer 18

Caudal edge of the triceps brachii m.

Question 19

Where is a liver biopsy performed

Answer 19

• On the right side of the horse
• Btw/ the 12th & 14th ICS

Question 20

What structures will the liver biopsy needle pass through

Answer 20

• skin
• Intercostal m
• Costal pleura
• pleural cavity
• Diaphragmatic pleura
• Diaphragm
• Peritoneal cavity
• Liver

Question 21

What other organs can be punctured if a liver biopsy is not placed right

Answer 21

• Lung
• Duodenum
• Kidney

Question 22

When does a biopsy need to be repeated

Answer 22

If it contains intestinal contents

Question 23

Label the following

Answer 23

• 2: Stomach
• 3: liver
• 4: Spleen

Question 24

Describe the spleen found in equine

Answer 24

• Under cover of the ribs (caudal most corner can be found in the flank)
• Parietal surface lies against the internal aspect of the diaphragm
• Sickle-shaped

Question 25

How does the greater curvature of the stomach connect to the spleen in equine

Answer 25

By the gastrosplenic ligament

Question 26

Label the following Parts of the spleen

Answer 26

Question 27

What ligament extends from the left kidney to the spleen

Answer 27

Nephrosplenic lig.

Question 28

Label the yellow star (caudal view)

Answer 28

Nephrosplenic lig

Question 29

Why is the nephrosplenic lig important

Answer 29

* Can be a sight of entrapment * Large colon can become entrapped

Question 30

Label the following

Answer 30

* A: celiac artery * B: Cranial mesenteric artery * C: Caudal mesenteric artery

Question 31

What arteries supply the unpaired organs in the horse

Answer 31

* Celiac a. * Cranial mesenteric a. * Caudal mesenteric a.

Question 32

What artery supplies the cranial abdominal organs

Answer 32

Celiac a

Question 33

What artery supplies the distal portion of the descending duodenum through the proximal part of the descending colon

Answer 33

Cranial mesenteric artery

Question 34

What artery supplies the distal (aboral) part of the descending colon & proximal (oral) part of the rectum

Answer 34

Caudal mesenteric artery

Question 35

Label the following:

Answer 35

Question 36

What are the branches of the caudal mesenteric a

Answer 36

Question 37

What are the branches of the cranial mesenteric a & what do they supply

Answer 37

Question 38

What are the branches of the celiac a & what do they supply

Answer 38

Question 39

Label the following:

Answer 39

Question 40

Label the following dog mesenteric arteries for review

Answer 40

Question 41

What is a difference of the blood supply in the GI tract of equine (compared to dogs)

Answer 41

* The right colic & middle colic arteries usually come from a common trunk * Ileocolic a. is "on its own" doesn't come from the same trunk as the right & middle colic

Question 42

Label the following

Answer 42

Question 43

Label the following

Answer 43

Question 44

Label the following

Answer 44

Slide 37

Question 45

Describe rectal palpation of the abdomen

Answer 45

* Only palpable part is the caudal part of spleen * Use the root of the mesentery @ the level of the 1st lumbar vertebra as a reference point * Structures cranial to the root of the mesentery are out of reach * Structures caudal to the root of the mesentery are w/in reach * Impt to understand that palpable structures will always vary w/ the size of the animal & the length of the vets arm